■ 

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■ 

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I 

LIHU 

Δ 

Δ- " 

THERN 
ΟΟτ 

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\L  LIBRARY  FA 
DLO  OCD 

Μ 

Hall 


Λ  Critical  Bibliography  of 

the  Greek  New  Testament  as 

Published  in  America 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


Η    Κ  A  1  Ν  ί 

ΔΙΑΘΗ 

NOVUM 

TESTAMENTU 


JUXTA  EXEMPLAR  JOANNIS  MlLLIl  AC^ 

CURATISSIME   IMPRESSUM. 


EDITIO  PRIMA  JIMRRKANA, 


WlflORNIffi,     Massachusettewsi  ί 

Ezcudebat  ISAIAS  THOMAS,  Juii. 

'J'he  First  Greek  Tesuuiicnl   Priiitucl   in  America.     Facsimile  of  Title. 
FuU  size. 


448  ΑΙΙΟΚΑΛΤ^ΙΣ  Cap.  f. 

^-DTioOrUe  των  ρΥιμ,ιίτων  •ταίν 
ΖΰξΟΗξΥιμίνΛΐν  Cjxo  των  «ttoj- 
loXuf  Th  Κυξίπ  iii^y  'Imoi 

18  "07i  ελίΓον  tT/x-tyy  ow 
iv  εσχιχτο)  %ξ^να>  εσο,νναι  εμ,•« 
στοΰκίαι,  καΙ»  rxs  sxuluiv  ί-ττ- 

ig  Οϋτο»  iJffiV  ο*  άίτοϊ;- 

o|»^ov7fcf   iXLirovff   ■φϋρ(,ικο;,  σαί  v.SL%Mdh;iov  tw  ^c^r,s  α,υ- 

Τΰηνμα  pi.nsyrp-f)ss,  tS  άμ,ωμ,Ηε  εν  α/ίζλλι^ίσί/, 

£0  *Τμειν  5έ,    οίίΛΤΤ'τίΙο) ,  Ζβ  Μόνω  C^^i^  Θεα!  C*'- 

το  άίιωΊζτΥΐ  vacUki  ταΙ'ϊΗ  Ι'ττ-  ττ,ξί  Υίμων  ^όζ,χ  ^  μ,ε/αλωσϋ- 

Ο;κθΰομ.2ν7ίί•  hxvitsi,  εν  Ilvfy-  vri,  χξ-ζτ©-  5^  ΐζαοίοί,  ^ζ  νί)>  ί^ 

μ,3;7ι  άγ'ω  ι^ξοσεΐ'χ,ό/Αενοί,  6{iwav7ar  ΤΜα'ίιΐχί.  Άμ-νίν. 

2  S  Έαί>7«5- εν  ά/ίϊΤΓ'»!  Θί3  'E-risOX•:^  'ItiJa  xijiiioXiX'^ 


Χξί5Όί>  stf  ζα.•%ν  «iuJvijV, 

22    Kat  %s•  μΙ)ΐ  δλεειτδ 
δ'ίακ^βόμ,ενο;• 

ζε7ε,  εκ  τβϊ)  ravpos  iS^a^ov- 
7εΓ,  /Λίσο2ν7ε5"  ι^  τον  άττο  τ«$• 
C«/i«oi  εβζζΓίλίι'με'ίον  ^(.iTciviZ, 

λάξαι  ζ5μΛί  K7r7et7«r,  5^  S"»;- 


ΑΠΟΚΛΛΥ'ί'ΙΣ    ΙΩΑΝΝΟΤ 


ΤΟΥ     ΘΣΟνίΟΓΟΥ. 


Κε^.  «-    1. 

ΑΠΟΚΑΛΤ^Ι2  'lyj- 

αντω  I  0ε  or,  ^εΐξαί  τοΓί  ^ti- 
λοίΓ  «utS  k  ^tX  Τ'ενε'τθίίΐ  εν 
Tff^B'xJ  Ι7ϊ}μαν.?ν  uTiosc'CKciS 

cui  Ta  ά]γελ«  «utS  τω  5κλω 

'    — >τ      '       .  '  ' 

«fT«   IcyavvT) 

2  Or  εμχξτνςτισε  τον  λό- 
/όν  Tw  ©ε^,  >c  TTjy  μαξίυξίχν 
'Irioov  ΧξίϊΌΪ;,  ϋσ«  τε  dh. 

3  Μακαξί©'  ό  άνα/ΐν&Ιτσ- 
«o'v,  ;^  οΙ  άκ»ον7εί  ryy  λο]«ί 
T^f  ?σ§οφη7Σί«5•,  ?^  τ«ςοϊ)ζ/7εί 


τά  £V  «1τ•ί)  7ε•^«μΑ*•2νΛ'  β 
γχρ  Kxiposif'/os, 

4  ΐωχννν,ί  TXiS  i'Ttlob  εκ- 
κλτ/σίαί?  ταΤί  εν  τ'^  ^A-c'tjc. 
χάξίί  ι'μ~ν  >{J  είςιίνοι  α-ττο  τδ 
ό  Λ'ν  )c  ό  y;V  ;^  δ  ε^χόμ,εν©', 
5^  άττο  ruv  kjllii  ζ^^^^ρμάτω^ 
α  ε5".ν  ίνώ-ττιον  Ta^poyaavT?., 

β  Kat  άτια  ^I'^cow  X^ifoiD• 
δ  μάφν$  ο  roifOijO  τίξωΐότο' 
κοί  έκ  τά/ν  νεκξίΐν,  5^  ό  α§- 
^ων  των  βασιΚίων  rf/i  7^^* 
τφ  άΐ'ατΐήαχνίι  Υιμχί^  it  Χμ- 
Ciiv7f  r</xaf  «ίτο  τ&!ν  ap.a^i'• 


The  First  Greek  Testuniuiu  Printed  in  America.  Facsimile  of  text,  page  448, 
Jude  17  to  Rev.  1  :  5,  showing  most  of  the  varieties  of  type  employed,  and  the 
misprint  in  Jiide  25.     Full  size. 


■AMERICAN   GREEK    TESTAMENTS 


A 


CRITICAL  BIBLIOGRxVPHY 


GREEK  NEW  TESTAMENT 


PUBLISHED   IN   AMERICA 


BY 

ISAAC    Η  HALL   AM    LL  Β   PhD 


WITH  TWO  FACSIMILE  ILLUSTRATIONS 


PHILADELPHIA 
PICKWICK  AND  COMPANY 

1883 


Copyright,  1883,  by  ISAAC  H.  HALL, 
Philadelphia. 


^LL   RIGHTS  RESERVED. 


Westcott  &  Thomson, 
Stereotypers  and  Electrotypers,  Philada. 


ζ 

ΊΊΊΖ 
U  Η  14- 


PREFACE. 


The  present  work,  as  the  reader  will  perceive,  is  but  one 
branch,  and  an  indirect  outcome,  of  long  research  in  a  more 
comprehensive  field  of  study.  But,  that  branch  once  taken 
up,  it  has  been  explored  with  all  possible  thoroughness ;  and 
wherever  the  present  investigation  has  found  its  limit,  an  at- 
tempt is  made  to  indicate  the  twigs  upon  which  fruit  may  still 
be  hanging  out  of  reach. 

Bibliographic  work,  according  to  all  experience,  is  never 
perfect.  Diligence  along  the  lines  of  regular  information  and 
of  systematic  search  is  ever  supplemented  by  the  knowledge 
that  comes  only  by  chance.  The  antiquarian  bookstore,  the 
street  stall,  or  the  rag-dealer's  stock,  will  now  and  then  reveal 
a  series  of  facts  to  which  the  librarians,  the  publishers,  or  the 
bibliophiles,  could  give  no  clue.  Fortune  is  said  proverbially 
to  favor  the  collector  and  the  bibliographer;  but  the  latter 
knows  that  she  distributes  her  favors,  and  bestows  all  upon 
none.  He  must  be  content  with  doing  his  best;  and,  after 
exhausting  the  obvious  sources  of  information,  and  following 
up  the  obscurer  clues,  he  must  be  willing  to  put  his  results 
into  permanent  form  without  waiting  too  long  for  mere  wind- 
falls. 

The  original  groundwork  of  the  following  pages  is  a  paper 
on  The  Greek  New  Testament  as  Published  in  America, 
presented  to  the  American  Philological  Association  at  its 
meeting  in  Cambridge  in  1882,  and  published  in  their  trans- 
actions for  that  year.  The  wide  distribution  of  that  essay 
opened  many  new  sources  of  information  hitherto  inaccess- 
ible or  undiscovered,  furnishing  data  for  the  addition  of  many 
items,  besides  a  few  corrections.  It  brought  the  author  into 
communication  with  persons  whom  he  had  supposed  to  be  no 
longer  living,  and  thus  rescued  not  a  few  facts  from  irrecover- 
able uncertainty  or  speedy  oblivion.  The  quantity  of  infor- 
mation thus  gained — adding  well  nigh  a  hundred  to  the  num- 

3 


1134848 


4  PREFACE. 

ber  of  books  enumerated,  and  putting  a  different  aspect  upon 
sundry  historical  matters — together  with  the  flattering  recep- 
tion which  that  paper  rnet  with  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic, 
seemed  to  make  the  way  clear  for  a  more  complete  presenta- 
tion of  the  subject. 

In  the  former  publication,  the  author  depended  almost  en- 
tirely upon  his  personal  inspection  of  books,  and  his  single- 
handed  research ;  and  these  are  still  the  basis  of  by  far  the 
greater  portion  of  the  following  statements.  But  in  complet- 
ing the  present  work,  he  has  many  to  thank  for  information 
kindly  communicated,  often  at  the  expense  of  no  little  trouble 
and  research.  Help  has  been  furnished  unsparingly,  and  even 
with  enthusiasm.  To  mention  all  to  whom  the  author  is  in- 
debted, either  for  positive  additions  of  fact,  or  for  aid  in  sifting 
contradictory  testimony  and  ascertaining  the  truth  about  mat- 
ters heretofore  in  dispute  or  doubt,  is  out  of  the  question  here; 
but  the  author's  thanks  to  each  are  none  the  less  sincere  and 
particular.  The  publishers,  the  librarians,  and  the  scholars, 
have  responded  with  cheerful  readiness  to  requests  which 
sometimes  even  bordered  on  the  unreasonable.  It  would  be 
unjust,  however,  to  omit  special  mention  of  the  unusual  kind- 
ness and  efficiency  of  Dr.  Ezra  Abbot,  of  Cambridge,  and  Dr. 
Benjamin  B.  Warfield,  of  Allegheny,  the  former  for  supplying 
difficult  and  elusive  items  of  divers  sorts,  and  the  latter  in 
pointing  out  more  than  a  score  of  issues  of  the  Greek  New 
Testament  that  were  omitted  in  the  former  publication.  To 
a  few  librarians  letters  of  inquiry  have  been  posted,  from 
whom  no  reply  has  come.  But  more  than  two  of  these  pages 
would  be  occupied  with  a  list  of  those  whose  kind  responses 
to  the  writer's  inquiries  have  been  more  free,  more  full,  and 
more  painstaking,  than  he  had  dared  to  ask. 

Personal  verification,  however,  where  possible,  has  never 
been  neglected,  whatever  may  have  been  the  source  or  the 
means  of  new  information ;  and  no  pains  have  been  spared  to 
secure  accuracy.  If  any  slip  or  omission  is  discovered,  the 
author  will  be  grateful  to  any  one  who  shall  make  it  known 
to  him. 

Philadelphia,  October,  1S83. 


THE 

GREEK  NEW  TESTAMENT 

AS 

PUBLISHED   IN   AMERICA. 


I.  PRELIMINARY. 


Aside  from  the  bibliophile's  passion  or  the  collector's 
mania,  there  are  sundry  sound  reasons  for  an  inquiry  into  the 
history  and  character  of  the  Greek  New  Testament  as  pub- 
lished in  America.  Most  of  these  reasons  are  those  developed 
by  the  inquiry  itself,  and  centre  themselves  in  the  varieties  of 
text  thus  disclosed ;  varieties  existing  not  only  in  the  critical 
editions,  but  in  the  adored  textiis  rcccptus  itself — before  the 
critical  editions  had  much  circulation,  or,  as  to  most  of  them, 
an  existence.  The  critic,  no  less  than  the  bibliographer,  has 
an  interest  in  the  investigation. 

Secondary,  but  still  a  fact  and  noteworthy,  is  the  revelation 
thus  made  of  the  industry  and  enthusiasm  of  the  earlier  Amer- 
ican editors ;  who,  to  a  greater  extent  than  is  commonly  sus- 
pected, exercised  an  independent  judgment  and  skill.  Al- 
though their  pioneer  work  would  not  fill  the  wants  of  to-day, 
it  has  been  rather  too  meanly  judged  by  their  successors,  and 
deserves  at  least  an  honorable  record. 

The  ground,  moreover,  is  almost  unbroken.  In  O'Calla- 
ghan's  American  Bibles,^  only  sixteen  editions  of  the  Greek 
Testament  arc  described  or  enumerated ;  a  mere  fraction  of 
the  number  then  existing;  not  to  mention  those  issued  in  the 
twenty-three  years  that  have  since  elapsed — nearly  all  of  them 
prolific,  except  the  four  years  of  war. 

1 A  List  of  Editions  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  Parts  thereof,  printed  in  Amer- 
ica previous  to  i860.     By  E.  B.  O'Callaghan.     Albany,  1861. 

6 


6  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

In  the  last  two  centuries,  though  theological  books  abound- 
ed, it  was  an  almost  unheard  of  thing  to  see  a  quotation  from 
the  Greek  Testament — at  least,  in  Greek  type — in  an  Ameri- 
can book.  Nor  were  the  English  citations  always  made  from 
our  Common  Version.  The  lawyers  were  apt  to  follow  Coke's 
example,  or  to  cite  at  second  hand  from  him  and  others,  who 
quoted  the  Vulgate  Latin  and  supplied  an  original  rendering 
therefrom.  The  clergymen  had  not  altogether  ceased  to  use 
or  to  quote  the  Genevan  Bible,  the  version  which  came  over 
to  New  England  with  the  early  settlers,  and  which  still  is  often 
to  be  seen  preserved  for  its  associations  and  its  ancient  family 
record.^  To  this  day  certain  theological  books  are  printed  in 
this  country  with  their  Scripture  citations  from  an  English 
version  earlier  than  our  Common  one.  An  every-day  exam- 
ple of  this  is  the  edition  of  Luther's  Commentary  on  Galatians 
commonly  circulated  among  the  Presbyterians.  This  trans- 
lation (it  is  a  revision  as  well)  antedates  our  Common  Version, 
and  still  keeps  its  Scripture  citations  unchanged. 

Of  course  the  Greek  Testament  was  in  the  land,  in  numbers 
abundant  for  the  times.  I  have  no  data,  even  approximate, 
to  form  a  judgment  as  to  the  particular  editions  which  were 
most  common ;  but  in  the  theological  libraries  and  in  private 
collections  I  have  seen  evidence  of  their  great  variety.^  For 
many  years,  too,  I  have  known  it  as  a  fact  that  the  rarer  and 
more  highly  prized  editions  used  to  be  regularly  sought  by 
certain  second-hand  dealers  for  exportation  to  Europe;  where, 
until  recently,  such  old  treasures  readily  brought  a  higher 
price  than  here.  To  judge  from  such  facts  as  are  apparent, 
the  earlier  immigrants  chiefly  brought  editions  produced  in 

^  Most  of  these  immigrant  copies  were  printed  just  at  the  close  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  and  contain  as  their  New  Testament  portion  that  "  Englished  by  L.  Tom- 
son,"  from  the  Latin  of  Theodore  Beza. 

*0f  the  114  editions  known  to  have  been  printed  in  the  l6th  century,  I  know 
of  at  least  60  in  America  (39  in  my  own  library).  About  the  same  number  were 
printed  in  the  17th  century,  and  of  these  I  know  where  to  find  more  than  70  in 
America  (39  in  my  own  library).  The  proportions  are  much  larger  for  the  i8th 
and  19th  centuries.  I  have  made  no  special  search  for  ancient  editions  possessed 
in  this  countiy;  but  I  know  that  nearly,  if  not  quite,  all  the  important  historical 
editions  are  to  be  found  here ;  most  of  them  more  frequently  than  would  be  ex- 
pected. 


PR  EL  IMINA  RY.  7 

Antwerp,  Leyden,  Geneva,  and  Lyons,  with  a  sprinkling  from 
presses  along  the  Rhine,  and  some  of  Paris  make;  but  just 
before  and  after  the  American  Revolution,  more  copies  came 
from  England  and  Scotland.  However,  but  few  editions  were 
produced  in  England  before  the  settlement  of  Massachusetts. 
I  can  find  traces  of  but  two^  printed  before  1620. 

1  These  w&xo.  Vautroller's  (H.  Stephens's  text),  London,  1587,  l6mo;  and  an- 
other of  the  same  text,  e  Regia  Typographia,  London,  1592,  i6mo.  The  London 
Beza  of  1565,  mentioned  by  Scrivener  [Plain  Inirod.  to  N.  T.  Crit.,  ed.  1874, 
p.  390,  note  I ;  also,  his  N.  T.  Gr.,  ed.  1873,  p.  viii.)  is  doubtless  a  mistake, 
which  is  only  made  worse  by  its  reiteration  with  fresh  errors,  in  the  3d  ed.  of  his 
Plain  Introd.  (1883),  p.  440,  note  2.  The  readings  which  Scrivener  gives  in  the 
earlier  edd.  of  his  N.  T.  Gr.  as  those  of  "  Bezae  1565  "  are  not  those  of  a  genuine 
Beza.  A  like  remark  applies  to  his  "  Result  of  a  Collation  in  the  Apocalypse  of 
Beza  1565  with  St.  and  Elz."  in  his  Plain  Introduction,  ed.  of  1861,  p.  31 1.  He 
must  have  used  a  book  which  presented  very  nearly  the  text  of  Henry  Stephens. 


II.  THE  MILL  EDITIONS. 

The  earliest  Greek  booJi^  printed  in  America,  so  far  as  I  can 
discover,  is  the  Enchiridion  of  Epictetus  ("  ex  editione  Joan- 
nis  Upton  accurate  expressum  "),  with  a  Latin  translation, 
published  at  Philadelphia  by  MathcAv  Carey  in  1792  (some 
copies  are  dated  1793).  The  type  is  quite  small,  and  is  appa- 
rently the  same  as  that  used  thirty  years  later,  with  much  less 
skill,  in  Kneeland's  Greek  Testament — to  be  described  far- 
ther on. 

But  the  first  Greek  Testament  printed  in  America,  as  all 
acquainted  with  the  general  subject  know,  was  published  at 
Worcester,  Massachusetts,  in  1800,  by  the  famous  printer 
Isaiah  Thomas  (b.  1749,  d.  1831).  The  book  is  now  rather 
uncommon,  though  easy  enough  to  be  had  a  few  years  ago.^ 

^  In  Isaiah  Thomas's  History  of  Printing,  vol.  I.,  pp.  251,  252, 1  find  the  follow- 
ing :  "About  the  year  1718,  when  mr.  Thomas  Hollis,  of  London,  a  great  bene- 
factor to  the  college,  among  other  gifts  presented  to  the  University  a  fount,  or  cast, 
of  Hebrew,  and  another  of  Greek  types,  both  of  them  Avere  of  the  size  of  long 
primer.  The  Greek  was  not  used  till  1761,  when  the  government  of  the  college 
had  a  work  printed,  entitled,  Pietas  et  Grattdatio  Collegii  Cantahrigietisis  apud 
Novanglos,  dedicated  to  King  George  the  third,  on  his  accession  to  the  throne; 
two  of  these  poetical  essays  being  Λvritten  in  Greek,  called  these  types  into  use. 
They  were  never  used  but  at  that  time,  and  were,  in  January,  1764,  destroyed  by 
the  fire  that  consumed  Harvard  hall,  one  of  the  college  buildings  in  which  the 
types  and  college  libraiy  Λvere  deposited ;  the  cast  of  Hebrew  escaped,  having 
been  sent  to  Boston  some  time  before,  to  print  Sewall's  Hebrew  Grammar."  The 
Pietas  et  Gratiilatio  was  a  magnificent  4to  of  Ii6  pages,  consisting  of  thirty-one 
pieces  (prize  compositions,  etc.)  of  Λ'arious  character,  of  which  No.  15  Λvas  an 
ΈΛΕΓΕΙΌΝ,  and  No.  16  an 'ί2ίΔΗ',  both  by  Stephen  Sewall;  and  No.  18  an 
ΈΠΙΤΑ'ΦΙΟΝ,  by  Governor  Bernard.  It  was  published  under  a  vote  of  the 
Coiporation,  of  Jan.  5,  1762,  at  Boston,  by  J.  Green  and  J.  Russell,  and  dated 
1 761.  For  full  information  respecting  the  work  and  a  description  of  extant 
copies,  see  Justin  Winsor's  account  in  Bulletin  of  the  Library  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, March,  1879;  ^^^^  ''■  reprint  of  the  same  in  Bibliographical  Contributions 
No.  4,  1879. 

^  This  edition  appears  to  have  been  in  very  extensive  use  among  the  young  stu- 
8 


THE  MILL    EDITIONS.  9 

It  bears  many  slight  resemblances  to  the  various  EngHsh  edi- 
tions of  William  Bowyer — a  series  of  at  least  twelve  editions, 
varying  slightly  one  from  another,  Avhich  appeared  in  London 
at  various  times  from  17 15  to  18 12.  Of  these  Bowyer  editions, 
that  of  1794  (an  edition  not  noticed  by  the  bibliographers,  but 
apparently  the  last  of  the  series  to  appear  before  Thomas  pub- 
lished) seems  to  have  furnished  Thomas  Λvith  his  title-pattern. 
At  least,  its  title  is  exactly  reproduced,  line  for  line,  word  for 
word,  and  style  for  style  of  type,  in  the  Thomas  edition,  ex- 
cept only  as  to  date  and  names  and  place  of  publisher. 
Thomas's  titlepage  reads  as  follows:  "h  kainh  |  ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. 

I  NOVUM  I  TESTAMENTUM.  |  Juxta  Exemplar  Joannis 
MiLLii  Ac-  I  cuRATissiME  Impressum,  |  [Ornament — a  cadu- 
ceus  with  cornucopias  at  the  sides.]  |  editio  prima  AMERI- 
CANA. I  WiGORNi^  Massachusettensi  :  I  Excudebat  ISAIAS 
THOMAS,  JUN.  I  SlNGULATIM  et  numerose  eo  vendita 
OFFiciNiE  sUiE,  |  April — 1800."  The  book  is  a  i2mo,  pp. 
478.  Its  titlepage  and  a  specimen  page  of  the  text  (Jude  17- 
Rev.  I  :  5)  are  given  in  facsimile  in  the  two  illustrations  of  the 
double  frontispiece. 

At  the  end  of  some  copies  is  bound  in  a  leaf  of  advertise- 
ments dated  December  25,  1802;  but  the  copies  are  all  one 
impression ;  for  stereotyping  was  then  unknown  in  America, 
and  no  reason  could  exist  for  dating  back  the  issue.  The  text 
is,  of  course,  divided  into  verse-paragraphs.  As  to  accessoiy 
matter,  it  has  only  one  page,  containing  "A  Chronological 
Table  of  the  Books  of  the  New  Testament,"  with  a  statement 
at  its  end  that  it  has  "  been,  carefully  and  faithfully,  collected 
from  the  writings  of  the  famous  Rev.  Nathaniel  Lardner, 
D.D."  (The  name  Nathanael  is  here  misspelled.)  This  -table 
is  signed  "  Caleb  Alexander ;"  but  no  other  external  profes- 
sions of  editorship  appear.  A  somewhat  similar  table,  con- 
dents  and  the  literary  men.  I  have  talked  with  a  number  of  people  who  in  their 
boyhood  knew  no  other  edition.  Chancellor  Kent's  copy,  which  is  in  my  posses- 
sion, has  his  autograph  and  the  date  1807  written  on  the  titlepage,  and  on  a  fly- 
leaf a  reference  to  the  "  M.  Anthology"  for  January,  1S08,  for  "an  account  of 
GriesbacICs  Edit,  of  the  New  Testament,  and  the  Histoiy  of  the  common  Elzevir 
Text."  This  copy  never  was  perfect,  pp.  73-S4  (i  sheet)  and  pp.  449-452  (2 
leaves)  having  been  omitted  in  the  binding. 


ΙΟ  AMERICAN   GREEK   TESTAMENTS. 

densed  and  altered  from  Mill  and  J.  A.  Fabricius,  occupies  a 
like  place  in  the  Bowyer  of  1794,  and  seems  to  have  given 
more  than  one  hint  for  the  construction  of  Alexander's  table; 
though  the  two  differ  slightly  in  length  and  in  dates.  The 
subscriptions  to  the  Epistles  copy  those  of  Bowyer  (or  Mill 
at  second  hand)  exactly,  even  to  giving  the  numbers  of  the 
ar'iyot  in  the  various  books  (see  the  authorities  therefor  in 
Kuster's  Mill),  and  that  partly  in  Greek  numerals  and  partly 
in  Greek  words,  just  exactly  as  Mill  and  Bowyer  gave  them — 
\vith  only  one  difference.  That  difference  is,  that  these  num- 
bers are  wanting  in  the  subscriptions  to  2  Corinthians,  Gala- 
tians,  I  Thessalonians,  and  Titus ;  evidently  because  in  each 
of  these  cases  one  of  the  Greek  numerals  was  the  koppa  or 
sampi  ;^  characters  for  which  Thomas  probably  had  no  type, 
nor  an  editor  bold  enough  to  spell  out  the  numbers  in  words. 

However,  this  edition  does  not  appear  to  be  a  slavish  re- 
print of  any  former  work.  On  the  titlepage,  to  be  sure,  it 
professes  to  be  an  accurate  reprint  of  Mill;  but  so  do  many 
other  editions  that  exhibit  intentional  alterations.  The  same 
is  true  of  the  great  majority  of  the  very  numerous  English 
editions  which  have  made  that  profession — ever  since  the 
original  Mill  appeared.  I  have  devoted  no  little  time  to 
searching  for  some  edition  of  which  this  one  of  Thomas 
might  be  an  exact  reprint ;  but  thus  far  I  only  find  that 
while  some  of  the  Bowyer  editions  show  some  of  the  same 
alterations  of  Mill,  no  one  of  them  agrees  nearly  enough 
to  pass  for  the  exact  pattern.  I  must  therefore  believe 
that  the  editor  exercised  his  own  judgment,  and  derived 
his  changes  in  the  text  from  some  edition  of  the  Elzevir 
family. 

In  order  to  show  this,  it  must  be  remembered  that  three 
leading  editions  were  the  main  sources  of  the  text  of  the 
ordinary  editions  of  that  time.  These  were  Robert  Ste- 
phens's of   1550,  Beza's  of   1565,  and  the  Elzevir  of   1678^ 

1  In  several  of  the  Bovi'yer  editions,  including  that  of  1794,  these  characters 
are  replaced  by  Hebmv  letters. 

*  The  Elzevir  editions  of  1656,  1662,  1670,  and  1678  are  considerably  smaller, 
if  not  neater,  than  the  preceding  editions  of  1624,  1633,  and  1641,  though  less 
sought  by  collectors.     They  all  correct  the   omission  (in  the  editions  of  1624, 


THE   MILL    EDITIONS.  I  I 

(not  of  1624  or  1633,  though  these  are  commonly  regarded 
as  standards  of  comparison).  Mill's  edition  (Oxford,  1707, 
foL,  and  Kuster's  Mill  with  additions,  Amsterdam  and  Rot- 
terdam, 17 10,  Leipzig,  1 723,  1 746)  keeps  generally  the  text 
of  Stephanus,  departing  from  it  in  only  a  few  places  of  mo- 
ment; such  as  Matt.  24  :  15,  reading  Ιστώζ  for  ίστός;  i  Pet. 
3:11,  adding  αγαθόν  ζτ^ττ^σάτο) ;  ι  Pet.  3  :  2 1 ,  ώ  χ«ί  ημάς  for 
ο  χαΐ  ήμαζ ;  and  Rev.  2:5,  ταχύ  for  τάχζι.  The  Kuster  edi- 
tion, indeed,  returns  to  the  Stephanie  text  in  the  first  and  last 
of  these  places.  Thus  the  Mill  text  might  be  classified  as  a 
Stephanie  text ;  and  such  would  be  its  classification  here,  did 
not  a  series  of  facts  occur  which  compel  a  little  different 
treatment. 

But  Thomas,  while  keeping  the  departures  of  Mill  from 
Stephanus,  adds  a  number  of  other  departures ;  such  as  the 
following:  Matt.  23  :  13,  14,  reversing  the  order  of  the  two 
verses;  Mark  8  :  24,  omitting  ore  and  opco]  Luke  i  :  35,  add- 
ing ex  σου  ;  Luke  15  :  26,  omitting  αυτυΰ  ;  John  18  :  20,  read- 
ing πάντοθεν  ol  for  τζάντυτε  ol ;  Acts  7  :  44,  inserting  iv  before 
T7j  έ[>ήμ(ο\  Acts  9  :  35,  Σάμιονα  for  Σάρωναν;  Acts  17  :  25, 
xal  τα  πάντα  for  χατά  τΛντα\  Acts  21  :  3,  άναφανέντες  for 
άνα(ράναντες•,  Acts  21  :  ^,γ^λβομεν  [sic]  for  ψΜον;  Acts  24: 
13,  omitting  με;  Rom.  7  :  6,  άτζοθανόντος  for  άτζοθανόντες ; 
Rom.  8:11,  oca  του  ίνοιχοΰντοζ  .  .  .  πνεΰματος  [sic]  for  dca 
το  ivocxouv  .  .  .  πνεϋμα;  Rom.  12  :  II,  Κυρίφ  for  xacpw  ;  ι 
Cor.  15  :  31,  υμετέμαν  for  ημετέραν;  2  Cor.  7:12,  7)μών  την 
ν~ερ  υμών  for  υμί7)ν  την  υζερ  ημών ;  ι  Tim.  Ι  :  4,  οίχοοομίαν 
for  οιχονομίαν;  Rev.  ^  :  ΙΙ,  adding  χα.ι  ήν  δ  άριθμόζ  αυτών 
μυριάοες  μυριάοων;  Rev.  II  :  ΐ,  adding  xae  ό  άγγελος  εϊστ^jxεc ; 
Rev.  11:2,  εζωθεν  for  εσο)θεν.  These  specimens  show 
nothing  but  editorial  judgment,  together  with  a  Beza  or  a 
late  Elzevir  text,  or  both,  from  which  to  select  the  variant 
readings.  It  is  not  necessary  to  pass  upon  the  editorial 
judgment   here    displayed — which    is    sometimes    good    and 

1633,  and  at  least  the  Leyden  241110  of  1641)  of  του  νόμου  in  Romans  7  :  2. 
The  edition  of  1678  corrects  also  the  error,  existing  in  all  the  preceding  edi- 
tions, of  ναώ  for  λαω,  in  Revelation  3  :  12.  This  last,  very  widespread,  error 
of  the  Steplianic-Elzevir  family  of  texts  appears  to  have  been  first  committed  in 
the  R.  Stephanus  edition  of  1 551. 


12  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

sometimes  bad.  The  facts  we  are  concerned  with  here  are, 
first,  that  the  work  of  an  editor  is  manifest,  and  that  better 
than  might  have  been  expected  from  the  Latin  of  the  title- 
page  ;  and  second,  that  the  profession  in  the  title  that  the  text 
is  an  accurate  reprint  of  Mill  is  intentionally  false.  But  the 
title  was  copied  from  English  editions  which  had  made  the 
same  false  pretense — already  for  nearly  a  century.  And  not 
only  so,  but  the  lauded  textns  rcceptiis  has  been  perpetually 
juggled  with  in  the  same  way;  so  that  it  is  rare  to  find  two 
editions  that  agree  exactly,  or  one  that  bears  out  the  profes- 
sions of  its  titlepage.  The  horror  with  which  the  simple- 
minded  venerators  of  the  textus  receptus  shrink  from  the  latest 
critical  texts  and  the  latest  revised  translations  is  a  mild  sen- 
sation in  comparison  with  the  confusion  which  a  little  closer 
examination  of  its  various  excviplaria  would  bring  upon  them. 
The  textus  receptus  of  to-day — or  of  former  times,  for  that 
matter — is  nothing  but  a  shadow  and  a  ghost,  which  its  pro- 
fessed adherents  and  admirers  would  generally  be  the  last  to 
recognize  as  an  acquaintance.  The  critical  student  finds  no 
limit  to  his  astonishment  at  the  bigoted  ignorance,  and  the 
unquestioning  adherence  to  the  grossest  errors,  which  pervade 
the  English  and  American  works  in  this  respect  from  the 
early  portion  of  the  last  century  nearly  to  the  present  day. 
If  the  zealous  defenders  of  tradition  had  but  investigated 
only  a  few  of  the  more  prominent  matters,  instead  of  blindly 
following  the  lead  of  the  (generally  virulent)  opponents  of 
desirable  reform,  it  would  have  been  better  for  Christianity 
and  the  truth. 

Following  the  order  of  genealogy,  instead  of  the  order  of 
time,  we  come  upon  a  second  edition,  virtually,  of  this  Greek 
Testament  of  Thomas;  published  at  Boston,  in  1814.  Its 
title  proper  differs  slightly  from  that  of  the  other  in  the  lines, 
but  not  in  the  words.  Instead  of  the  caduceus  with  the 
cornucopias,  the  ornament  here  is  two  reclining  figures  sup- 
porting the  open  Bible,  with  the  verse  i  Cor.  15  :  22,  in  Greek, 
underneath  for  a  motto.  Then  the  words  "  Bostoni^e  :  |  Ex- 
cudebat    ESAIAS    THOMAS,    Jun.    |   Typis    Watson    & 


THE   MILL   EDITIONS.  1 3 

Bangs.  |  ι  8 14."  Its  form  is  i2mo,  pp.  478,  like  the  other. 
The  accessor}'  matter  is  the  same  chronological  table,  but 
differently  arranged,  and  without  signature.  The  Latin  for 
"  Isaiah "  is  this  time  spelled  after  the  ordinary  fashion, 
"  Esaias,"  on  the  titlepage.^  Otherwise  this  edition  so 
nearly  resembles  the  last  that  a  very  close  look  is  needed 
to  see  the  difference.  It  coincides  with  the  former,  page  for 
page  and  line  for  line,  and  almost  letter  for  letter,  only  it 
spells  out  most  of  the  ligatures  and  employs  more  recent 
forms  of  type  for  some  of  the  letters.  A  mutilated  copy  of 
this  edition  might  also  be  recognized  by  its  omission  of  the 
chapter-number  as  a  running  title  at  the  top  of  the  pages,  and 
by  the  erroneous  page-number  231,  in  place  of  431.  It 
agrees  with  the  former  in  all  the  departures  from  Mill,  above- 
mentioned,  and  adds  a  few  more  of  its  own  besides.  Of  these 
last  are  :  Matt.  6  :  6,  the  Erasmian  ταμεΐον  for  Mill's  ταμίέΐον 
(a  variation  of  which  the  more  recent  editions  of  Pritius,  or 
the  title  of  Schmidt's  Greek  N.  T.  Concordance,  may  have 
been  a  nearer  source);  Mark  6  :  33,  nftoar^kUov  for  rcporpSov 
(perhaps  an  error,  but  committed  in  the  earlier  Brylinger 
series  of  editions,  from  1542  onward);  i  Cor.  15  :  33,  the 
ancient  χμΐ^στά  [thus  accented]  restored  in  place  of  the  metri- 
cally adapted  Xfyjod'  [sic~\\  and  2  John  i,  ixX$xr7j  for  'ExXexrYj. 
It  is,  however,  a  very  tolerable  Mill. 

Following  still  the  order  of  genealogy — almost  every  one  is 
familiar  with  Bagster's  "  Polymicrian  Greek  Testament,"  pro- 
vided with  its  (Greenfield's)  Lexicon,  and  other  conveniences 
for  the  beginner.     It  first  appeared  in  England  in  1829.     Of 

1  Concerning  the  variation  in  the  Latin  form  of  this  name,  I  subjoin  a  note 
communicated  to  me  by  Dr.  F.  J.  A.  Hort.  Speaking  of  the  spelling  adopted 
by  Thomas  in  the  first  edition,  he  says:  "  He  merely  followed  the  spelling  of 
the  official  editions  of  the  Vulgate,  and  much  modern  usage.  Nor  is  it  certain 
that  Jerome  never  used  Is.,  as  better  representing  the  Hebrew,  In  his  etymol- 
ogy of  proper  names  in  the  Acts  ( Onoinastica,  p.  69  Lagarde)  he  says  '  Esaias 
salus  Domini :  verum  apud  Hebraeos  ab  I  littera  sumit  e.xordium ;'  and  while  he 
places  the  name  under  Ε  in  three  books,  he  places  it  under  I  in  Matthew.  I 
observe,  too,  that  the  Codex  Amiatinus  is  said  to  have  Esaim  in  Isaiah  i.  i,  and 
Isaias  in  ii.  i."  We  have,  of  course,  abundant  authority  of  usage,  at  least,  for 
the  stricter  form  lesaias  or  Jesaias. 


14  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

the  readings  which  Reuss  uses  in  his  Bibliotheca  as  a  means  of 
classifying  Greek  Testaments  in  famihes,  this  edition  seems  to 
vary  from  Mill's  text  in  only  three :  viz.  Acts  17:25,  x«i  τΛντα 
for  -λατα  τζάρτα;  Acts  21:3,  άναφανέρτες  for  άραψάραρτες;  and 
Colossians  i  :  2,  Κολοσσαϊζ  for  Κολασσάις ;  all  intended  to  be 
adoptions  of  Beza  or  Elzevir  readings,  only  the  first  is  a  mis- 
print for  xai  τα  πάντα.  This  English  edition  has  been  repeated 
many  times  without  date ;  and  of  the  copies  imported  to  Amer- 
ica, some  bear  the  imprint  of  Wiley,  New  York ;  and  some 
others  that  of  Lippincott,  Philadelphia. 

But  an  actual  reprint  has  appeared  in  America,'  issued 
many  times,  both  with  and  without  date,  and  with  different 
imprints.  Its  title  and  form  are  as  follows :  "  η  kainh 
ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ.  1  NOVUM  TESTAMENTUM  |  ad  I  Exemplar 
MiLLiANUM,  I  cum  |  emendationibus  et  lectionibus  Gries- 
bachii,  |  praecipuis  vocibus  ellipticis,  |  thematibus  omnium 
vocum  difficiliorum,  |  atque  locis  Scripturse  parallelis.  |  Stu- 
dio et  labore  |  Gulielmi  Greenfield.  |  Hanc  editionem  primam 
Americanam,  [  sumn^a  cura  recensuit,  atque  mendis  quam 
plurimis  expurgavit,  |  Josephus  P.  Engles,  A.  M."  32mo,  pp. 
571  ;  lexicon,  pp.  iv.  281. 

As  the  title  states,  it  was  edited  by  Joseph  P.  Engles,  A.  M.,^ 

1  Reuss  {Bibliotheca  N.  T.  Gr.,  p.  154)  confounds  this  edition  with  a  NeAV 
Testament  published  by  Joshua  Leavitt,  at  New  \"ork,  in  1832,  and  again  by 
A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  New  York,  1846;  and  I  followed  the  same  error  in  my  pre- 
vious publication.  But  I  have  ascertained  that  that  New  Testament  is  only  an 
English  New  Testament,  with  "  Η  ΚΑΙΝΠ  ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ  "  at  the  top  of  the  title- 
page,  besides  a  Greek  title  (in  addition  to  the  English  one)  for  every  separate 
book  of  the  N.  T.  The  book  is  described  in  O'Callaghan's  American  Bibles, 
pp.  219,  294.  O'Callaghan  is  quite  correct,  but  it  is  easy  to  obtain  an  erroneous 
impression  both  from  his  description  and  from  his  index.  The  book  is  a  reprint 
of  the  English  Polymicrian,  and  was  first  made  by  Joshua  Leavitt.  The  plates 
were  afterwards  sold  at  auction,  and  bought  by  A.  S.  Barnes,  who  issued  the 
edition  of  1846.  He  sold  them  again  in  1862  or  '63,  Avhen  they  were  bought  by 
Warren  F.  Draper  of  Andover,  who  issued  a  third  edition,  in  1863.  A  little 
more  care  on  the  part  of  Reuss  or  myself  would  have  detected  the  error ;  for  its 
pages  are  546,  and  its  stereotyper  was  James  Conner  of  New  York.  The  stereo- 
typers  of  the  Engles  Gr.  N,  T.  were  L.  Johnson  &  Co.  of  Philadelphia. 

2  Joseph  Patterson  Engles  (b.  Jan.  3.,  1793,  d.  April  14,  1861)  Avas  a  Phila- 
delphian,  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  181 1;  in  1813  co- 
master  of  the  grammar-school  of  that  institution;   1817-45  master  of  the  Clas- 


THE  MILL   EDITIONS.  1 5 

whose  claim  to  have  purged  it  of  many  errors  committed  in 
the  original  edition  is  by  no  means  unfounded.  Besides  the 
correction  of  errors,  and  several  minor  changes  in  the  text,  it 
chiefly  differs  from  the  English  edition  in  the  substitution  of 
an  English  preface  for  the  Latin  one  of  the  London  editions. 
In  this  English  preface  an  apparent  error  of  the  Latin  is  made 
more  definitely  an  error  by  stating  that  the  text  "  is  that  com- 
monly called  the  received  text,  which  was  first  published  at 
Leyden,  A.  D.  1624,  by  Elzevir,  and  republished  in  folio  at 
Oxford,  by  Mill,  A.  D.  1 707."  Which  shows  that  the  editor's 
knowledge  on  that  point  was  at  best  but  second-hand.  As 
to  text,  he  retains  the  three  above-mentioned  instances  of 
departure  from  the  Millio-Stephanic  to  the  Beza-Elzevir,  cor- 
recting, however,  the  error  of  the  London  edition  in  Acts 
17  :  25,  and  reading  xa\  τα  πάντα}  All  the  perfect  copies  of 
this  edition  seem  to  contain  the  familiar  plate  with  the  words 

sical  Institute  of  Avhich  he  was  one  of  the  founders;  1845  publishing  agent  of 
the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication.  He  was  the  author  of  several  books, 
mostly  for  the  young.  He  was  a  college  classmate  of  that  Christian  poet  and 
philanthropist  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  William  Augustus  Muhlenberg,  who  often  said, 
and  has  left  the  statement  in  print,  that  for  what  he  was  in  life  and  work,  he 
owed  more  to  Joseph  P.  Engles  than  to  any  other  man. 

'  In  making  his  corrections,  the  author  made  use  of  "  a  veiy  accurate  copy  of 
Mill's  Testament,  published  at  Oxford  in  1825;  the  various  readings,  Λvith  Gries- 
bach's  Testament,  published  in  Cambridge,  New  England,  in  1809."  This 
Oxford  edition  of  1825  is  not  very  easy  to  find,  and  is  not  noticed  in  Reuss's 
Bibliotheca.  If  it  was  one  of  the  series  which  reproduces  the  Oxford  ed.  of 
1805  (which  is  rather  a  Bowyer  text  than  a  Mill),  Engles  could  not  have  followed 
it;  and  he  certainly  does  not  agree  with  the  common  beautiful  Oxford  i6mo 
which  professes  to  follow  the  Oxford  copy  of  1825.  In  order  to  shoΛV  how 
Engles  differs  from  the  professed  reprints  of  Mill,  and  how  these  reprints  differ 
one  from  another,  as  well  as  the  relation  of  these  differences  to  certain  important 
or  standard  texts,  the  following  collation  of  specimen  places  is  appended.  In 
the  table,  Bagst.  is  the  Bagster  Polymicrian;  M,  the  original  Mill  of  1707;  K, 
Kiister's  Mill;  O5,  the  Oxford  reprint  of  Mill,  of  1805;  O25,  the  common 
Oxford  i6mo,  which  professes  to  follow  the  edition  of  1825;  Th  (alone), 
Thomas  of  1800  and  1814  (when  they  differ  the  date  is  annexed  to  show  the 
reading  of  each) ;  Bez  (alone),  Beza's  folios  of  1565  and  1598,  and  8vo  edd.  of 
1567,  1580,  and  1604  (the  date  is  annexed  when  they  differ) ;  Elz  (alone),  the 
Elzevirs  of  1624  and  1633  (the  date  is  given  when  they  differ);  II.S,  Henry 
Stephens  of  1587;  P,  Pickering  of  1828;  G,  the  American  Gricsbach  of  1809; 
WII,  Wescott  and  Hort;  T,  Von  Gebhardt's  Tischendorf  of  iSSi  : 


i6 


AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 


for  "  The  New  Testament "  in  forty-eight  different  languages ; 
though  the  London  editions  sometimes  omit  it. 

Luke  6  :  9.  νμας  rr  Engles,  Bagst.  M.  K.  O5.  Th.  P.  Elz. 

νμάς,  τι  Ojj.  Bez  (Bez  '67.  νμάς  τι,).  HS. ;  νμάς•  Τι  G. 
ί'μάς,  ει  WH. ;  νμάς  ει  Τ. 
Luke  7:12.  και  αϋτη  χήρα  Efigles,  Oj^.  P.  Elz.  G. 
καϊ  avTy  χήρα  Bagst.  Μ.  O^.  Bez.  HS. 
και  ηντη  ην  χήρα  Κ.  Th.  Τ.  WH  [αυτή). 
Luke  15  :  26.  omit,  αντοϋ  post  παίδων  Engles,  Th.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 
add.  αΰτοϋ  Bagst.  M.  K.  O5.  O25. 
Luke  19  :  4.  σνκομορέαν  Engles,  Th.  P.  Bez  '67.  Elz  '24.  G.  WH.  T. 

σνκομωραίαν  Bagst.  M.  K.  O5.  O25.  Elz  '^2•  ^ez  '65.  '98.  '80. 
1604.  HS. 
Luke  20  :  31.  επτά,  και  οΰ  Engles,  Bagst.  Μ.  Oj.  Bez  '80.  1604, 
επτά  ov  K.  Bez  '65.  '98.  WH.  T.;   επτά•  ού  G. 
επτά•  καϊ  ov  Th.  O25.  P.  Elz.  Bez  '67.  HS. 
John  6  :  28.  ποιΰμεν  Engles,  P.  Bez  '65.  '67.  '98.  '80.  Elz.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 
ποιονμεν  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  O5.  Ojj.  Bez.  1604. 
John  13  :  30.  νί'ξ.  (31.)  "Ore  ovv  εξήλθε  Engles,  P.  Bez  (Bez  '67.  ννξ•).  Elz.  HS. 
G.  WH.  T. 
ννξ  δτε  ovv  εξήλθε  Bagst.  Μ.  Κ.  Th.  O5.  O25. 
John  19  :  12.  έαντον  Engles,  G.  WH.  T. 

avTof  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  O5.  O.^j.  P.  Bez  '65.  '67.  '98.  '80.  Elz.  HS. 
avTov  Bez  1604. 
Acts  5  :  18.  αντών  Engles,  O25. 

αντων  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  O5.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  HS.  G. 
otnit.  WH.  T. 
Acts  7  :  44.  kv  Ty  'ερήμω  Engles,  Bagst.  K.  Th.  O5.  O25.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  HS.  G. 
WH.  T. 
Ty  ερήμφ  [omit,  εν)  Μ, 
Acts  21  :  8.  ή?Μομεν  Engles,  Th.  P. 
θαμεν  WH. 
ηλθον  Bagst.  M.  K.  O5.  O25.  Bez  '65.  '98. 
Acts  24  :  13.  omit,  με  Engles,  Th.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 

add.  με  ante  δύνανται  Bagst.  M.  K.  O5.  O25. 
Acts  26  :  20.  άπήγγελλον  Engles,  P.  Bez  '67.  '80.  1604.  Elz.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 

άπαγγέλλων  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  O5.  O25.  Bez  '65.  '98. 
Acts  27  :  13.  άσσον  Engles,  P.  O25.  Bez.  Elz  '24.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 

Άσσου  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  O5.  Elz  '33. 
Acts  27  :  17.  Σίφτιν  Engles,  Bagst.  Th.  O5.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  HS.  G.  WH.  T. 

σίφτιν  Μ.  Κ.  O^y 
2  Cor.  7:12.  ημών  τήν  νπερ  υμών  Engles,  Th,  P.  Bez.  Elz.  G. 

νμών  τήν  νπερ  ημών  Bagst.  Μ.  Κ.  Ο^.  Ο25•  WH.  Τ 
νμών  τήν  νπερ  νμών  HS. 
Coloss.  Ι  :  2.  Κολοσσαϊς  Engles,  Bagst.  Th.  Ο5.  P.  Bez.  Elz.  G.  WH.  T. 
Κολασσαϊζ  Μ.  Κ.  0,5.  HS. 


Bez  '67.  '80.  1604.  Elz.  HS.  G.  T.;  ηλ. 


THE  MILL   EDITIOaWS.  1/ 

This  edition  was  prepared  by  Mr.  Engles  for  the  publisher, 
Henry  Perkins,  of  Philadelphia,  who  has  kept  possession  of 
the  plates  ev^er  since,  printing  for  himself  and  other  publishers 
according  to  the  demand.  It  first  appeared  in  February,  1838, 
at  Philadelphia,  with  the  imprint  "  Philadelphiae  :  Sumptibus 
Henrici  Perkins.  Bostoniae :  Perkins  et  Marvin."  The  lexi- 
con (Greenfield's,  Avith  Engles's  revision)  followed  in  Septem- 
ber, 1839.  Otherwise,  except  a  few  early  copies  bound  sepa- 
rately for  convenience,  the  New  Testament  and  Lexicon  have 
always  been  issued  together  in  one  volume.  Other  issues  are 
as  follows:  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  1839,  1840,  1841,  1846, 
1848,  1850;  Philadelphia,  Perkins  and  Purves,  1844,  1846; 
Philadelphia,  Clark  and  Hesser,  1853,  1854;  Philadelphia,  H. 
C.  Peck  and  Theodore  Bliss,  1854,  1855,  1S56;  also  without 
date,  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  and  Theo.  Bliss,  or  sometimes 
simply  Peck  and  Bliss  (several  issues  in  1854,  1855,  and  1856); 
Philadelphia,  Theodore  Bliss,  &  Co.  (from  1856,  the  year•  of 
Mr.  Peck's  death,  onward) ;  and  Philadelphia,  Lippincott. 
There  were  many  repetitions  of  the  undated  issues,  but  their 
exact  number  cannot  now  be  ascertained.  Until  1840,  the 
names  of  Perkins  and  Marvin  were  given  as  the  Boston  pub- 
lishers ;  but  in  1841  their  names  Avere  replaced  by  those  of 
Ives  and  Dennct ;  after  which  no  Boston  publisher's  name  ap- 
pears in  the  imprint.  Benjamin  Perkins,  of  the  firm  of  Per- 
kins and  Marvin,  was  a  brother  of  the  Philadelphia  Henry 
Perkins.  All  the  copies  of  this  edition  hitherto  mentioned 
have  "  Hanc  editionem  primam  Americanam "  on  the  title- 
page;  the  plates  having  never  been  changed  except  as  to  date 
and  imprint.  It  has  always  been  a  favorite  edition  among 
students,  and  as  a  pocket  companion.  It  is  becoming  rather 
hard  to  pick  up  in  the  antiquarian  bookstores. 

I  Thess.  2:15.  ήμας  Engles,  O5.  P.  Eez.  EIz.  HS.  G.  WII.  T. 
ίψάς  Bagst.  M.  K.  Th.  Oj-. 
2  John  I.  ίκίζκτϊ)  Engles,  Bagst.  Th    18 14.  Γ.  O5.  0^5.  Bez.   Elz.  HS.  G. 
WH.  T. 
•E/cAe/cT^  M,  K.  Th  1800. 
.     2  John  13.  ίκΚΐκτής  Engles,  Bagst.  P.  O^.  O25.  Bez  '65.  '98.  1604.  Elz,  HS. 
G.  WH.  T. 
■E/c?.e/crw  M.  K.  Th.  Bez  '80. 
2 


1 8  AMERICAN   GREEK   TESTAMENTS. 

A  second  edition  of  this  New  Testament,  with  the  plates 
carefully  corrected,  was  issued  by  Henry  Perkins,  in  1883, 
at  Philadelphia,  with  the  following  title :  "  11  kainh  διαθήκη 
I  Novum  Testamentum  |  Graece  |  cum  |  emendationibus  et 
lectionibus  Griesbachii  1  priEcipuis  vocibus  ellipticis  |  the- 
matibus  omnium  vocum  difficiliorum  |  atque  locis  Scripturae 
parallelis  |  e  recognitione  |  Gulielmi  Greenfield  |  recensum 
atque  mendis  expurgatum  cura  |  Josephi  Ρ  Engles  AM  ] 
emendatius  edidit  adnotationemque  criticam  addidit  |  Isaacus 
Η  Hall  AM  LLB  PhD."  (pp.631.)  The  additional  matter 
contained  in  this  edition  is  a  Preface  to  the  Second  Edition,  and 
a  Supplement,  containing  the  "  Various  Readings  adopted  by 
the  English  and  American  Revisers,  1881,"  with  other  matter 
explanatory  and  critical.  The  Supplement  includes  the  read- 
ings preferred  (in  text  and  margin)  in  the  Appendix  to  the 
Revised  Version  of  the  English  New  Testament.  The  "  Vari- 
ous Readings  "  are  kept  within  the  bounds  of  the  editions  of 
Scrivener  and  Palmer,  published  at  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
respectively,  in  1881  ;  except  that  a  few  misprints  of  these 
editions  are  corrected,  and  the  few  changes  required  by  the 
preferences  of  the  American  Committee  are  drawn  from  an- 
other source. 

Another  of  the  Mill  family  is  that  of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Spencer,^ 
under  the  following  title:  "//  ΚΛΙΝΗ  ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ  \  The  | 
Four  Gospels  and  Acts  of  the  Apostles  |  in  Greek.  |  With 
English  Notes,  Critical,  Philological,  and  Exe-  |  getical ; 
Maps,  Indexes,  etc.  |  Together  with  the  Epistles  and  Apoca- 
lypse. I  The  whole  forming  the  complete  text  of  |  The  New 
Testament.  |  For  the  use  of  Schools,  Colleges,  and  Theologi- 
cal Seminaries.  |  By  Rev.  J.  A.  Spencer,  A.  M.,  |  author  of  | 
'  The  Christian  Instructed,'  '  History  of  the  English  Refor- 
mation,' etc.  I  το  χαλον  xayadov.  \  New  York :  |  Harper  and 
Brothers,  Publishers,  82  Cliff  Street.  |  1847."  i2mo,  pp.  xii., 
611.  This  title  is  fairly  descriptive,  except  as  to  the  author 
himself     It  was  evidently  intended  first  as  a  class-book,  and 

^  Jesse  Ames  Spencer,  D.  D.,  b.  1816.     For  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  numerous 
works,  see  Johnson^ s  Cyclopadia,  iv.  p.  426. 


THE   MILL    EDITIONS.  1 9 

to  contain  only  the  Gospels  and  Acts — which  indeed  were 
issued  separately  the  same  year,  1847,  and  again  in  1859. 
Other  editions  of  the  entire  book  were  issued  by  the  same 
publishers  in  1852,  1859,  i860,  1865,  1868,  1875,  and  1877. 
Only  the  Gospels  and  Acts  have  notes ;  but  the  Epistles  and 
Revelation  have  a  little  accessory  matter  in  the  shape  of  gen- 
eral introductions  and  tables.  Its  text  is  very  nearly  that  of 
Burton  (Oxford,  England,  1831,  and  several  subsequent  edi- 
tions), which  departed  from  Mill  to  Elzevir  in  fourteen  notice- 
able places,  which  may  be  found  enumerated  in  Prof  Dr.  Ed- 
uard  Reuss's  BibliotJieca  Novi  Testamenti  Grcsci  (Brunsvigae, 
1872),  p.  154.  Spencer  professes  to  adopt  Burton's  text,  and 
to  venture  to  differ  therewith  only  on  a  few  occasions,  and 
then  principally  in  the  pointing,  the  use  of  capital  letters,  and 
other  particulars  of  a  like  grade  of  importance.  But  he  leaves 
Mill  for  Elzevir  in  two  places  more  than  Burton,  viz.,  in  the  last 
two  of  the  three  just  mentioned  of  the  Polymicrian. 

One  more  edition,  and  that  a  noteworthy  one,  exhibits 
Mill's  text  professedly ;  or,  to  speak  more  accurately,  it  pro- 
fesses to  follow  "  Bagster's  edition  [185 1]  of  Mill's  reprint  of 
Stephens's  third  edition  (1550)."  This  is  the  elaborate  Greek- 
English  work  of  the  American  Bible  Union,  in  4to,  intended 
as  provisional  and  preliminary  to  their  proposed  new  English 
translation  of  the  Bible.  This  work  was  published  in  parts, 
but,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  was  never  completed,  so  as  to  in- 
clude the  whole  of  the  New  Testament.  As  to  text,  I  cannot 
speak  from  personal  examination  as  to  its  variations,  either 
from  the  original  Mill  or  from  the  Bagster  edition  \vhich  it 
took  as  a  standard.  In  the  small  portion  I  have  examined  it 
leaves  the  Mill  text  for  the  Elzevir  in  a  few  places ;  for  exam- 
ple, that  already  noticed  by  Reuss  {BibliotJieca,  p.  157),  Rev. 
3:1,  inserting  ϊπτα.  before  ττνεΰματα.  But  to  have  changed 
the  iext  materially  would  have  been  a  measure  too  bold  for 
the  contemplated  purpose  of  the  work,  and  for  the  times  as 
well.  The  notes  of  this  edition,  and  the  introductions  to  some 
portions,  give  it  a  thoroughly  critical  character;  and  as  such 
it  should  be  classed. 


20  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

The  portions  that  have  appeared,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  are 
the  following ;  all  published  at  New  York  by  the  American 
Bible  Union,  but  bearing  also  the  imprint,  Louisville,  Bible 
Revision  Association,  and  London,  Trubner  &  Co. : 

1854.  2  Peter,  i,  2,  and  3  John,  Judas,  and  Revelation,  pp. 
xi.,  253;  anonymous,  but  by  John  Lillie. 

1855.  Matthew,  Chapters  L,  II.,  and  III.,  pp.  52;  anony- 
mous, but  by  Orrin  B.  Judd.  The  same,  reissued  in  1858,  is 
called  "second  edition." 

1856.  John,  pp.  xvi.,  171 ;  anonymous,  but  by  a  Mr.  Morton. 
Also  the  same,  reissued  in  1859,  and  again  in  1864. 

1856.  I  and  2  Thessalonians,  pp.  viii.,  73;  anonymous,  but 
by  John  Lillie.  The  titlepage  states  that  it  was  by  the  same 
person  as  the  editor  of  2  Peter,  i,  2,  and  3  John,  Judas,  and 
Revelation.     (Also,  London,  England,  1858.) 

1857.  Ephesians,  pp.  vi.,  39;  anonymous,  but  by  N.  N. 
Whiting.     Also,  the  same  reissued  in   1864. 

1857.  Hebrews,  pp.  vi.,  90;  anonymous,  but  shown  by  the 
prefatory  matter  to  have  been  done  by  the  editor  of  Ephe- 
sians, or  N.  N.  Whiting. 

1858.  Acts,  pp.  iv.,  224;  anonymous,  but  by  Alexander 
Campbell. 

1858.  Mark,  pp.  vi.,  134;  anonymous,  but  by  N.  N.  Whit- 
ing.    Also,  the  same  reissued  in  1866. 

i860.  Matthew,  pp.  xxx.,  171 ;  T.  J.  Conant.  Also,  the  same 
reissued  in  1866. 

i860.  Luke,  pp.  viii.,  273  ;  anonymous,  but  by  N.  N.  Whit- 
ing.    Also,  the  same  reissued  in  1866. 

i860.  I  and  2  Timothy  and  Titus,  pp.  vi.,  y"^;  anonymous, 
but  the  prefatory  matter  shows  that  they  were  done  by  the 
editor  of  Ephesians,  Hebrews,  Mark,  and  Luke;  or,  N.  N. 
Whiting. 

i860.  Philemon,  pp.  44;  anonymous,  but  by  H.  B.  Hackett. 
The  preface  is  dated  "  Newton  Centre,  April  13,  i860."  This 
last  was  issued  again  the  same  year,  in  small  4to,  or  i8mo, 
pp.  90.  Unlike  the  others,  this  part  omits  the  Common  Eng- 
lish Version.  It  is  rather  a  general  commentary  than  strictly 
like  the  rest  of  the  series. 


THE   MILL    EDITIONS.  21 

1 86 1.  The  various  parts,  each  bearing  its  own  date  (together 
with  the  published  parts  of  the  Old  Testament),  bound  in 
one  immense  volume,  with  a  new  title,  "The  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures," etc. 

Although  the  American  Bible  Union  and  its  work  were  a 
Baptist  enterprise,  John  Lillie,  the  author  of  several  of  the 
above  preliminary  revisions,  was  a  Presbyterian  clergyman. 
In  critical  and  scholarly  character  there  is  a  wide  difference 
between  the  several  parts ;  the  Matthew  by  Dr.  Conant,  the 
Philemon  by  Dr.  Hackett,  and  the  several  parts  by  Dr.  John 
Lillie,  being  of  a  much  higher  grade  than  the  rest.  The  vol- 
ume which  comprises  the  Gospel  of  John,  indeed,  was  pub- 
lished against  the  protest  of  certain  prominent  men  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  (of  whom  one  was  the  late  Dr.  Hackett), 
who  considered  it  "discreditable  to  the  scholarship  of  the 
American  Bible  Union."  And,  in  the  language  of  a  mod- 
ern (Baptist)  critic,  its  "pages  swarm  with  blunders." 

It  is  a  common  error  that  these  preliminary  or  provisional 
publications  were  the  joint  work  of  a  number  of  men.  That 
may  be  true  with  regard  to  some  parts  of  their  English  version, 
but  it  is  not  so  with  regard  to  the  Greek  text  and  its  imme- 
diate accessories.  In  each  case  it  was  the  work  of  one  author. 
Other  provisional  work  for  some  of  the  remaining  books  was 
done  in  manuscript,  as  the  Epistle  to  the  Galatians  by  Dr. 
Philip  Schaff  (who  is  German  Reformed  as  to  denomina- 
tion);  and  the  first  Epistle  of  Peter  and  the  Epistle  of  James 
by  John  Lillie,  but  they  were  never  printed. 


III.  THE  LEUSDEN  (ELZEVIR)  EDITIONS. 

The  next  family  to  appear   in  America  Avas    that  of  the 
Leusden   editions.     The   first  example  was  the   Greek-Latin 
New  Testament  published  by  Bradford,  at   Philadelphia,   in 
1806.     The  titlepage  is  preceded  by  a  short  false  title  (con- 
sisting of  the  first  six  lines  of  the  true),  and  reads  as  follows : 
"//   ΚΑΙΝΗ  I  ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ.  \  Novum   |  TESTAMENTUM,  \ 
cum  versione    Latina  |  Arise    Montani,  ]  in   quo   tum    selecti 
versiculi    1900,  quibus  omnes  Novi  |  Testamenti  voces  conti- 
nentur,  asteriscis  |  notantur ;  |  tum  omnes  &  singulse  voces, 
semel  vel  saepius  occurrentes,  |  peculiari  nota  distinguuntur.  | 
Auctore  |  Johanne  Leusden,  Professore.  1  Editio  Prima  Amer 
icana :  |  qua  plurima   Londiniensis  errata,  diligentissime  ani- 
mad-  I  versa,  corriguntur :  |  Cura  Johannis  Watts.  |  Philadel- 
phise :  |  Ex  Officina   Classica  :  ]  Impensis    S.   F.   Bradford,  j 
1806."     The   book    is    a    i2mo,    pp.    561,    pretty    accurately 
printed,  and  altogether  a  credit  to  the  publishers  and  to  the 
times. 

As  already  seen,  this  can  be  the  "  editio  prima  Americana  " 
only  as  a  Leusden  edition ;  for  it  is  the  second  of  the  Greek 
Testament  absolutely.  The  corrector  named  on  the  titlepage 
was  the  printer,  as  we  see  from  the  note  at  the  end  of  the 
book :  "  Excudebat  J.  Watts."  In  this  edition  an  editor's 
work  has  little  or  no  place.  As  it  professes,  it  is  a  reprint 
of  the  famous  edition  of  John  Leusden,  in  which  1900  select 
verses  are  marked  with  a  *,  as  containing  together  all  the 
words  of  the  New  Testament ;  and  words  which  occur  only 
once,  or  very  rarely,  are  marked  by  a  f  and  %  respectively. 
For  its  immediate  original,  the  "  London  edition  "  mentioned 
on  the  titlepage,  we  have  three  from  which  to  choose.  One 
of  these  was  issued  at  Leyden  by  the  Wetsteins  in  1772,  but 
22 


THE  LEUSDEN  {ELZEVIR)    EDITIONS.  23 

it  bears  also  on  the  titlepage  the  imprint  "  Londini,  apud  Joan- 
nem  Nourse."  The  second  so  closely  resembles  this  one,  line 
for  line  and  page  for  page,  that  it  requires  close  scrutiny  to 
see  that  they  actually  are  different  issues.  It  was  published 
at  London  in  1794,  and  bears  the  imprint  of  six  different  pub- 
lishing houses,  of  which  the  first  named  is  F.  Wingrave.  The 
third,  dated  1804,  is  of  exactly  the  same  description  as  the 
second,  except  that  it  contains  some  misprints  not  found  in 
the  other  two,  and  has  the  imprint  of  seven  different  publish- 
ing houses,  of  which  the  first  named  is  F.  Wingrave.  The 
form  of  each  is  i2mo,  pp.  699,  on  sheets  a  trifle  smaller  than 
the  American  Bradford.  Those  of  1772  and  1794  have  the 
well  known  Wetstein  maps,  which  are  lacking  in  the  edition 
of  1804,  as  well  as  in  the  American  editions. 

The  text  of  this  edition  need  not  be  dwelt  upon  at  length, 
since,  except  in  just  one  noticeable  change,  it  is  pretty  purely 
the  Elzevir  of  1678.  The  first  Leusden  appeared  at  Utrecht 
in  1675/  with  nearly  the  Elzevir  text  of  1670;  but  the  second 

1  As  this  Leusden  of  1675  has  greatly  puzzled  the  bibliographers  (see,  for  ex- 
ample, Masch's  Le  Long's  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  Pars  I.  Cap.  II.  Sect.  L*  ξ  XCVII. ; 
Baumgarten's  Nachrichten  von  Merkwilrdigern  Bilche)-n,  Bd.  IV.,  pp.  383,  384 ; 
Goeze's  Verzeichniss,  I.  57;  Adler's  Bibliotheca  Biblica,  etc.,  Lorckiana,  p.  99), 
it  is  as  well  to  say  that  Reuss  is  undoubtedly  right  in  his  description  of  the  two 
books  {Bibliotheca  N.  T.  Gr.,  pp.  122,  123,  131),  whose  confusion  has  made  the 
trouble  and  aroused  the  suspicion.  The  book  which  Masch,  Baumganen,  Goeze, 
and  Adier  describe,  with  more  or  less  perplexity  and  suspicion,  as  the  first  Leus- 
den, has  indeed  the  same  title  as  the  genuine  Leusden  of  1675,  the  same  date, 
and  the  same  place  and  publisher,  besides  being  printed  with  the  same  font  of 
type.  The  title  of  the  genuine  edition  reads :  "  H"  ΚΑΙΝΠ'  |  ΔΙΑΘΗ'ΚΗ.  | 
Novum  I  TESTAMENTUM  |  Cum  \  Distinctione  versiculorum  |  Qui  omnes  \ 
Novi  Testamenti  voces  continent.  |  [Ornament,  an  armillary  sphere.]  |  Ultra- 
JECTI,  I  Ex  Ofificina  Antonii  Smytegelt.  |  cId  Id  Lxxv."  The  title  to  the  other 
book,  as  I  learn  from  Adler's  description,  has  for  ornament,  in  place  of  the 
sphere,  "facies  angeli  aliquot  floribus  cincta."  (I  have  copies  of  both  books, 
but  the  latter  lacks  the  titlepage.)  The  genuine,  in  accordance  with  the  state- 
ment of  the  titlepage,  has  the  [1900]  verses  marked  with  a  *  as  containing 
together  all  the  words  of  the  New  Testament  (the  f  and  \  for  their  several  pur- 
^xises  were  not  added  till  1688),  but  no  trace  of  them  exists  in  the  other.  The 
genuine  contains  two  prefatory  pages  ("Johannes  Leusden  Lectori  benevoli  S.  P."), 
explaining,  among  other  things,  his  plan  about  the  1900  verses,  which  were  se- 
lected, under  his  direction,  by  the  "  Ornatissimus  Juvenis  D.  Adamus  ab  Halen, 
Rotter;tdamo-Batavus  "  (nothing  is  said  about  this  Adam  van  Ilalen  in  the  later 
prefaces),  and  dated  Kal.  Nov,  1674.     It  also  has  the  common  table  of  quota- 


24  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

Leusden,  1688,  struck  out  a  new  path,  following  the  Elzevir 
of  1678.  A  series  of  editions  kept  this  latter  text  till  1740, 
when  the  change  above  referred  to  was  introduced :  viz.,  the 
adding  xal  στραψείζ  προς  τους  μαβψάς,  ε1~ε  at  the  beginning 
of  Luke  10  :  22.  It  was  this  edition  of  1740,  or  rather  its 
Greek-Latin  form  of  1741,  from  which  descended,  by  mere 
reproduction,  the  editions  of  1772,  1794,  and  1804  above 
mentioned ;  either  of  which,  again,  may  have  been  the  imme- 
diate parent  of  the  American  Bradford.  Of  this  ancestral 
series,  the  first  edition  was  published  at  Amsterdam  and 
London ;  at  Amsterdam  by  the  two  houses  of  Boom  and 
Van  Soemeren,  and  in  London  by  Sam.  Smith.  The  other 
editions  of  the  series  were  all  issued  by  the  Wetsteins  at 
Amsterdam.  A  double  group  of  offshoots  of  this  Leusden 
edition,  each  with  its  very  trifling  variations,  appeared  during 
the  same  period.  One  of  the  two  started  at  Frankfurt  a.  M., 
1692,  edited  by  Rudolph  Leusden,  son  of  John.  The  other, 
more  nearly  conformed  to  the  Elzevir  of  1633,  was  published 
at  Leyden  from  1699  onward.  It  is  of  a  form  rather  minute, 
and  probably  the  first  Greek  Testament  ever  stereotyped.  It 
usually  bears  the  imprint  of  Luchtmans.  Then  followed  a 
long  series  of  branches,  more  or  less  different  from  Leusden's 
original  and  from  each  other,  issued  by  various  publishers  at 
various  places  in  Germany. 

In  the  same  year  with  the  Bradford  edition  just  mentioned, 
the  same  publisher  issued  the  same  Greek  text  Avithout  the 
Latin,  calling  it  "  Editio  Secunda  Americana;"  but  it  is  sec- 
ond only  as  a  Leusden.  Watts  is  named  as  the  corrector 
and  printer  of  this  edition  also.  It  is  a  i2mo,  like  the  last, 
pp.  286. 

tions  from  the  Old  Testament  made  in  the  New.  But  the  other  edition  has  no 
prefatoiy  matter,  nor  similar  table ;  and  its  text  is  different,  being  a  reprint  of 
that  of  the  edition  of  Fell  (Anonymous,  Oxonii,  e  Theatro  Sheldoniano,  1675). 
The  genuine  is  a  i6mo  (we  should  now  say  a  32mo),  numbered  pages  703 
(really,  pp.  xvi.  704),  and  is  printed  with  lines  running  the  whole  width  of  the 
page.  The  other  is  a  24mo,  pp.  611,  though  a  thicker  book,  and  is  printed  with 
two  columns  to  the  page.  The  publisher's  use  of  the  Leusden  title  for  this  latter 
edition  is  no  more  than  has  been  done  in  America  during  the  present  century,  as 
will  be  seen  farther  on,  p.  37. 


THE  L  Ε  USD  Ε  Ν  {ELZEVIR)    EDITIONS.  2  ζ 

The  next  edition  of  Leusdcn's  New  Testament  appeared  at 
New  York  in  1821  ;  the  title  being  like  the  Bradford  edition 
as  far  as  applicable ;  the  note  of  publication  being  "  Novi- 
Eboraci :  Typis  et  Impensis  Georgii  Long,  No.  71,  Pearl 
Street.  1821."  This  is  a  i2mo  of  small  sized  sheets,  pp.  699; 
being  page  for  page,  line  for  line,  and  word  for  word,  a  close 
copy  of  the  editions  of  1772,  1794,  and  1804  above  referred 
to ;  but  in  every  respect  save  thickness  it  is  a  smaller  book. 
It  might  be  called  a  "facsimile"  of  either;  only,  as  it  copies 
the  misprints  of  the  edition  of  1804,  the  last  is  doubtless  its 
immediate  parent.  (One  of  these  misprints,  for  example,  is 
in  John  19  :  30  Τετέλησταί  for  Τετέλεσται.) 

These  three  editions,  the  two  Bradfords  and  the  Long,  are 
the  only  Leusden  editions,  so  far  as  I  know,  ever  published 
in  America;  though  one  phenomenon  of  the  book-stores  and 
libraries,  to  be  mentioned  farther  on,  speaks  otherwise  to  the 
unwary. 

In  this  connection  is  to  be  mentioned  an  edition  of  Mac- 
knight's  Epistles,  which  appeared  under  the  following  title : 
"A  New  I  Literal  Translation  |  from  the  Original  Greek,  |  of 
all  the  |  Apostolical  Epistles.  |  With  |  A  Commentary,  and 
Notes,  I  Philological,  Critical,  Explanatory,  and  Practical.  | 
To  which  is  added,  |  a  History  of  the  Apostle  Paul.  |  By 
James  Macknight,  D.  D.  |  Author  of  a  Harmony  of  the  Gos- 
pels, &c.  I  In  Six  Volumes.  |  To  which  is  prefixed  |  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Life  of  the  Author.  |  .  .  .  [  Boston  :  |  Published 
by  W.  Wells  and  T.  B.  Wait  &  Co.  |  T.  B.  Wait  &  Co.  Printers 
I  1810."  It  is  an  8vo;  vol.  i.  pp.  xiv.  503  (Romans);  vol.  ii.  pp. 
[iv.]  471  (i  and  2  Corinthians) ;  vol.  iii.  pp.  [iv.]  561  (Galatians 
to  Colossians) ;  vol.  iv.  pp.  [iv.]  409  (Thessalonians  to  Phile- 
mon); vol.  v.  pp.  [iv.]  571  (James  to  2  Peter);  vol.  vi.  pp.  [iv.] 
433  (John  to  Jude).  It  is  printed  with  breathings,  but  without 
accents.  The  General  Preface  and  the  preliminary  Essays  con- 
tain a  great  deal  of  useful  matter,  and  the  foot-notes  show 
much  critical  study  on  particular  points,  though  no  thorough- 
ness or  ripeness  as  a  general  critic.  A  foot-note  on  pages  36- 
39  gives  a  very  fair  historical  account  of  the  jorincipal  Greek 


26  AMERICAN  GREEK   TESTAMENTS. 

New  Testaments,  from  the  Complutensian  doAvn  to  Bengal, 
though  strangely  mixed  with  error.  For  instance,  he  speaks 
of  an  Elzevir  Gr.  N.  T.  of  1622,  and  another  "  two  years  after 
this  .  .  .  corrected,  as  Beza  [d.  1605  !]  informs  us,  by  not  a 
few  persons,  eminent  for  learning  and  piety." 

"  The  text  of  the  Greek  New  Testament  followed  in  this 
translation,"  as  we  are  informed  in  the  General  Preface,  vol.  i. 
p.  35,  "  is  the  one  in  common  use;"  Avhich  the  author  followed 
because  he  conceived  it  to  have  been  "  settled  according  to  the 
opinion  of  learned  men  in  different  countries,  who  compared 
a  great  number  of  MSS,  and  fixed  on  the  readings  which  ap- 
peared to  them  best  supported."  But  "the  author  hath  altered 
the  accenting  [accents  are  wanting  in  this  American  edition] 
and  pointing  of  the  common  edition  in  a  few  instances,  in 
order  to  obtain  a  better  and  more  perspicuous  sense  of  the 
passages."  But  the  readings  of  Mill's  "  noble  edition  "  "  are 
by  no  means  to  be  admitted,"  for  reasons  which  the  author 
found  in  Whitby's  Exavicii.  What  particular  edition  "  in  com- 
mon use  "  was  followed  by  the  autlior,  is  not  so  certain.  He 
himself  believed  it  to  be  that  of  R.  Stephens  of  1550  (see  vol. 
i.,  pp.  38,  39,  foot-note).  But  an  examination  shows  that  it  is 
much  nearer  the  Elzevir  of  1678.  It  appears  to  agree  with 
the  latter  against  Stephens  in  every  case  Avhere  the  two  differ, 
except  only  in  2  Timothy  4:13  (reading  ιραιλόνψ)  and  i  Peter 
2:21  (reading  Jy/^wv,  ήμίν). 

Further  to  be  mentioned  in  this  connection,  as  presenting  a 
text  of  the  same  general  family,  is  the  peculiarly  constructed 
Harmony  of  the  Gospels  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Strong.  Its 
text  is  nearly  the  Elzevir  of  1633,  This  is  a  i2mo,  pp.  iv.  624, 
published  at  New  York  by  the  Harpers  in  1854;  also,  the 
same  year,  by  J.  C.  Riker,  and  again  by  the  Harpers  in  1859. 

It  may  be  added  that  these  five  books  are  the  only  Ameri- 
can representatives  of  the  European  textiis  reccptus ;  and  that 
not  one  of  them  is  a  perfect  representative  of  either  of  the 
patterns — that  is,  of  either  the  Elzevir  of  1624  or  that  of  1633. 
They  are  apparently  nearer  the  Elzevir  of  1678,  but  certainly 
not  identical  with  it. 


IV.  THE  GRIESBACH  EDITIONS. 

The  next  family  to  appear  came  in  order  of  time  next  to 
the  Bradford  Leusdens  of  1806;  starting  with  the  most  im- 
portant of  our  early  issues.  This  was  the  reprint  of  Gries- 
bach's  Manual  (Leipzig,  Goeschen,  1805),  his  third  edition  and 
most  finished  text;  issued  at  Cambridge,  at  the  University 
Press,  in  1809.  The  form  of  this  reprint  is  8vo,  pp.  xxiv.  615. 
Its  titlepage  differs  from  that  of  its  original  by  adding  the 
words:  "  Cantabrigize  Nov-Anglorum  1809.  Typis  Aca- 
demicis ;  sumtibus  [sic']  W.  Wells  et  W.  Hilliard."  The 
editor  is  understood  to  have  been  \V.  Wells,  Λvho  \vas  a 
scholar,  as  well  as  one  of  the  publishers.  It  has  a  title- 
page  for  each  volume  (the  second  volume  beginning  with 
Acts),  but  the  paging  is  continuous  throughout,  disregarding 
in  the  enumeration,  however,  the  titlepage  to  volume  ii.,  and 
the  blank  pages  on  each  side  of  it.  The  whole  is  a  pretty 
accurate  piece  of  work  ;  and  adds  to  the  original  only  one 
page  of  matter :  the  publishers'  dedication  to  the  President 
and  P"ellows  of  Harvard  University.  This  edition  had  a  de- 
servedly Avide  circulation ;  and  it  has  been  taken  as  the  basis 
of  all  the  Griesbach  texts  published  in  this  country — though 
its  successors  have  generally  followed  it  only  lougo  intcrvallo. 
This  edition  Avas  used  by  Mr.  Engles,  as  he  states  in  his  Eng- 
lish preface  to  the  American  Polymicrian  Greek  Testament 
noticed  above,  in  verifying  the  Griesbach  readings  given  in 
that  volume. 

At  the  time  of  its  publication,  this  book  is  said  to  have 
been  hailed  by  one  party  with  joy — "  with  an  lo  trijiinphc,"  as 
one  of  the  old-school  Biblical  scholars  informs  me — as  a  de- 
nominational weapon,  and  the  annihilator  of  their  opponents ; 
while  by  the  latter  it  was  looked  upon  with  timidity,  not  only 

27 


28  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

as  the  destroyer  of  proof-texts  and  the  discloser  of  the  sandy 
foundation  of  innumerable  sermons,  but  as  a  would-be  un- 
settler  of  the  foundation  of  the  New  Testament  itself  But 
the  telegraph  did  not  exist  in  those  days,  and  those  hopes 
and  fears  and  antagonisms  remained  local  and  temjxjrary.  It 
was  impossible  to  make  a  critical  edition  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment a  badge  of  orthodoxy  or  heresy  on  either  side ;  and  the 
book  came  speedily  into  use  and  preference  among  the  more 
enlightened  clergymen  of  that  generation,  in  all  denomina- 
tions. Andover  Theological  Seminary  appears  to  have  taken 
the  lead  in  this  favorable  movement,  among  representatives 
of  the  timid  side.  At  all  events,  a  Harmony  of  the  Gospels 
with  this  text  was  soon  prepared  for  use  in  that  institution. 
From  that  day  onward,  America  has  not  ceased  to  possess 
critical  texts  of  native  print,  although  she  cannot  say,  like 
Germany,  that  her  scholars  have  issued  no  Elzevir  text  since 
1775.^  The  publication  of  this  Griesbach  in  America  was  no 
common  event. 

The  Gospels  of  this  text,  accompanied  by  a  vocabulary, 
were  issued  at  Boston  in  1825,  by  "  Cummings,  Hilliard,  and 
Company — Washington  Street."  The  type  is  the  same  as 
that  used  in  the  volume  just  mentioned;  the  form  8vo,  pp. 
iii.  240;  Lexicon,  pp.  71.  The  marginal  readings  are  omitted. 
This  volume  was  "  prepared  in  consequence  of  the  new  ar- 
rangement of  the  studies  in  Greek,  preparatory  to  admission 
into  the  University  at  Cambridge,"  "  the  Corporation  having 

^  This  is  true  of  German  scholars  and  publishers  as  such.  The  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  from  at  least  1856  to  the  present  year,  has  published  va- 
rious Mill-Elzevir  texts  at  Cologne  and  elsewhere  in  GeiTnany,  to  the  strong  dis- 
taste, if  not  the  scandal,  of  the  German  scholars.  Says  Reuss  of  the  British 
Cologne  edition  of  1856:  "  Pretio  vili  studiosis  nostris  venditur  in  ipsa  Germania 
excusus  liber,  scilicet  ut  criticDS  editiones  puriorem  textum  representantes  eorum 
oculis  facilius  subducantur."  And  Von  Gebhardt's  Greek-German  New  Testa- 
ment is  sold  at  a  low  price  with  the  (politely)  avowed  intention  of  opposition  to 
those  texts  of  the  British  Society.  Since  the  publication  of  the  Revised  Version 
of  the  English  New  Testament,  and  the  issue  by  the  British  Society  of  its  cir- 
cular to  translators,  allowing  them  to  conform  their  work  to  the  text  of  that  Ver- 
sion, the  Society  may  feel  more  at  liberty  to  circulate  a  corrected  original  along 
with  its  corrected  versions. 


THE    GRIESBACH  EDITIONS.  29 

substituted  Jacobs'  Greek  Reader  and  the  Four  Gospels  for 
the  Collectanea  Gra^ca  Minora  and  the  whole  of  the  New 
Testament."  The  titlepage,  also,  says  that  it  is  "  Designed 
for  the  use  of  schools."  The  (anonj^mous)  editor  of  the  text 
was  N.  L.  Frothingham. 

As  already  indicated,  this  text  next  appeared  in  Moses  Stu- 
art's edition  of  Newcome's  Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  under 
the  following  title :  "  A  |  Harmony  in  Greek  |  of  the  |  Gos- 
pels, I  with  j  Notes,  |  by  William  Newcome,  D.  D.,  |  Dublin, 
1788:  I  reprinted  from  the  |  text  and  select  various  readings  [ 
of  I  Griesbach,  |  by  the  Junior  Class  in  the  |  Theological 
Seminary  |  at  Andover,  under  the  superintendence  of  Moses 
Stuart,  I  associate  professor  of  sacred  literature  in  said  | 
seminary.  |  Andover:  |  Printed  by  Flagg  and  Gould.  |  18 14." 
This  appears  to  be  the  first  Greek  Harmony  of  the  Gospels 
published  in  this  country.  An  "Advertisement "  states  that 
"  it  was  also  designed  to  print  the  Harmony  respecting  the 
resurrection  of  Christ,  according  to  the  order  proposed  by 
Townson  in  his  Essay  on  the  Four  Gospels,  and  followed  by 
Professor  White  in  his  Diatessaron  ;  but  after  diligent  search 
no  copy  of  the  Essays  could  be  found,  and  it  was  thought  in- 
expedient to  depart  from  the  order  of  Newcome,  without  as- 
signing the  reasons,  which  succeeding  Harmonists  have 
alleged  for  a  departure.  Newcome  himself,  who  read  Town- 
son,  did  not  think  proper  to  alter  that  part  of  his  Harmony, 
to  which  this  paragraph  alludes."  The  form  of  this  Ameri- 
can Newcome  is  8vo,  pp.  xvi.,  xii.,  424,  188.  Another  edition 
appeared  the  same  year  in  4to. 

NeAvcome's  Harmony  appeared  at  Dublin  in  1788,  folio;  a 
Harmony  constructed  on  the  basis  of  Le  Clerc,  Amsterdam, 
1699,  fol.  Professor  White,  alluded  to  in  the  "Advertise- 
ment," was  Joseph  White,  professor  of  the  Hebrew  and 
Arabic  languages  in  Oxford  University,  and  the  same  who 
published  the  Philoxenian  (Harklensian)  Syriac  New  Testa- 
ment (Oxford,  1 778-1 803),  and  the  so-called  "  Origenistic  " 
Greek  New  Testament,  with  its  obeli  and  asterisks  (Oxford, 
1 798-1 808).     The  Diatessaron  passed  through  a  number  of 


30  AMERICAN  GREEK    TESTAMENTS. 

editions  in  the  earlier  years  of  this  centur}^  (fifth  edition,  Ox- 
ford, 1 8 14,  small  8vo). 

Another  issue  of  the  same  text  appeared  at  Philadelphia  in 
1822-23,  in  parallel  columns  with  an  original,  or  revised,  Eng- 
lish Version,  edited  by  "Abner  Kneeland,  minister  of  the  First 
Independent  Church  of  Christ,  called  Universalist,  in  Phil- 
adelphia;" also  the  same  in  1823;  also  the  Greek  text  alone 
(1822)  and  the  author's  English  version  by  itself  (1823),  and 
perhaps  each  of  them  twice.  At  least,  some  copies  of  the 
Greek  are  dated  1823;  which  I  am  inclined  to  believe  is  the 
true  date  of  both  the  single  texts.  It  was  "  published  by  the 
Editor,  No.  9  North  Second  Street,  and  sold  by  him — also  bj^ 
Abm.  Small,  No.  165  Chestnut  Street."  William  Fry,  often 
said  to  be  the  publisher,  Avas  the  printer  (spelled  "  printe  "  in 
vol.  i.  of  the  issue  of  1822,  but  "  printer"  in  vol.  ii.,  as  Avell  as 
in  both  volumes  of  the  issue  of  1S23).  The  form  is  a  rather 
small  i2mo,  vol.  i.,  pp.  xvi.  360;  vol.  ii.,  pp.  ix.  444.  The 
Greek  is  printed  without  accents,  and  the  Griesbach  margin 
is  omitted.  It  was  intended  by  the  author  to  supply  the  want 
of  a  Greek-English  New  Testament;  a  thing  which  he  believed 
not  to  be  in  existence;  and  the  printing  of  the  Greek  and  Eng- 
lish separately  was  an  afterthought. 

The  first  volume  appeared  as  an  experiment ;  with  a  preface 
containing,  among  other  things,  the  Greek  Alphabet,  direc- 
tions for  pronunciation,  and  the  declension  of  the  article  and 
personal  pronouns.  An  abstract  from  Parkhurst's  Greek 
Grammar  is  promised  for  the  second  volume,  provided  the 
work  meets  with  sufficient  encouragement — which  promise 
is  fulfilled  at  the  end  of  the  second  volume.  The  long  lists 
of  errata  in  each  volume  show  the  editor's  care  and  the  print- 
er's ability ;  but  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  editor,  as  he 
himself  says  with  regret,  lacked  the  privilege  of  an  early  clas- 
sical education.^     The  whole  book  shows  more  the  author's 

^  Abner  Kneeland  (b.  1774;  d.  1844)  was  a  Baptist  clergyman,  then  Univer- 
salist, then  Deist.  He  edited  a  Universalist  periodical  in  Philadelphia  (1821— 
23);  the  Olive  Branch,  New  York;  founded  the  Investigator  at  Boston  (1832); 
in  1836  was  tried  before  the  Supreme  Court  at  Boston  for  blasphemy.  He  pub- 
lished several  other  books. 


THE    GRIESBACH  EDITIONS.  3 1 

sense  of  his  own  need  and  deficiencies  than  any  conceit  of  the 
"  self-made  "  man ;  thou<jh  of  course  it  has  many  of  the  cru- 
dities of  the  latter,  with  the  common  belief  of  the  class  that 
they  shall  }^et  light  upon  the  royal  road  to  learning. 

The  t}'pe  of  this  Greek  Testament  appears  to  be  the  same 
as  that  used  in  the  "  Enchiridion  of  Epictetus,"  mentioned 
abov^e  as  probably  the  first  Greek  book  published  in  America, 
with,  however,  more  recent  forms  for  some  of  the  letters  inter- 
mingled. The  use  of  the  type  can  be  traced  in  a  series  of 
small  Greek  grammars,  and  other  books,  printed  in  Philadel- 
phia, by  Carey,  Aitken,  and  Fry,  respectively ;  some  of  which 
grammars  contain  the  Lord's  Prayer  and  other  New  Testa- 
ment passages  in  Greek,  besides  the  Ten  Commandments  from 
the  Septuagint. 

The  next  Griesbach  New  Testament  issued  in  this  country 
was  printed  without  either  breathings  or  accents.  This  is  the 
notorious  "  Emphatic  Diaglott "  now  regularly  published  by 
the  "  phrenological "  firm,  S.  R.  Wells  &  Co.,  of  New  York. 
It  is  an  astonishing  edition,  by  reason  of  its  high  price,  its 
mysterious  name,  and  its  other  qualities.  It  was  first  pub- 
lished by  the  editor,  Benjamin  Wilson,  at  Geneva,  Illinois;  the 
issue  extending  over  a  period  of  seven  years,  ending  in  1863; 
the  whole,  when  afterwards  bound  together,  bearing  the  date 
1864.  The  second  edition,  or  the  first  issued  at  once  in  a 
complete  form,  was  published  by  Fowler  &  Wells,  New  York, 
in  1865  ;  the  editor's  preface  being  dated  1864.  Its  claims  are 
best  set  forth  by  its  title :  "  The  Emphatic  Diaglott :  contain- 
ing the  Original  Greek  Text  of  what  is  commonly  styled 
the  New  Testament,  (according  to  the  Recension  of  Dr.  J.  J. 
Griesbach,)  with  an  Interlineary  Word  for  Word  English 
Translation ;  a  New  Emphatic  Version,  based  on  the  Inter- 
lineary Translation,  on  the  renderings  of  eminent  critics,  and 
on  the  various  readings  of  the  Vatican  Manuscript,  No.  1209 
in  the  Vatican  Library.  Together  with  Illustrative  and  Ex- 
planatory foot  notes,  and  a  copious  selection  of  References ; 
to  the  whole  of  which  is  added,  A  Valuable  Alphabetical 
Appendix."     No  remarks  need  be   made  upon  the  style  of 


32  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

editing,  or  upon  either  of  the  translations ;  unless  it  be  to  say 
that  the  only  respectable  portion  of  the  prefatory'  matter  is  the 
"  History  of  the  Greek  Text;"  and  that  is  not  faultless.  The 
Griesbach  margin  is  generally  omitted,  except  when  it  happens 
to  coincide  with  a  "Vatican  Manuscript,  No.  1209"  reading. 
But  as  to  the  source  of  these  Vatican  readings,  I  judge  from 
sundiy  indications,  such  as  "Έυρο-λλυοων'''  (Acts  27  :  14)  with- 
out note  of  a  variant,  that  it  was  some  reprint  of  the  inaccu- 
rate edition  of  Angelo  Mai ;  probably  that  of  Appleton,  New 
York,  1859. 

The  form  of  this  "  Emphatic  Diaglott "  ^  is  a  i2mo,  appar- 
ently ;  with  no  paging  or  sheet  signatures,  except  in  the  Ap- 
pendix, which  has  pp.  44.  As  far  as  I  have  traced  this  edition, 
it  has  reappeared  in  18^6,  1870,  1871,  1872,  1876,  1878,  1880; 
also  the  Gospel  of  Luke  separately  in  1878,  in  quest  of  pat- 
ronage through  the  "  International  Sunday-School  Lessons." 

The  last  Griesbach  text  which  I  find  issued  in  this  country 
is  a  portion  of  an  "  Interlinear  Translation  of  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures," of  which  the  Pentateuch,  Daniel,  and  Ezra  have  ap- 
peared in  HebreAV  and  English,  and  the  Gospels,  Acts,  and 
Apocalypse  in  Greek  and  English.  The  work  came  out  in 
parts ;  at  first,  a  Hebrew  and  a  Greek  part  alternately,  begin- 
ning with  the  HebreAV.  One  part  was  to  be  issued  every  three 
months.  The  notes,  grammatical  and  critical,  were  bound  up 
at  the  end  of  each  part  as  it  came  out,  but  when  the  collected 
parts  were  bound  together  (the  Pentateuch  by  itself,  Daniel 
and  Ezra  each  by  itself,  and  the  New  Testament  portions  in 
one  volume  by  themselves),  the  notes,  having  a  separate  and 
continuous  paging,  were  put  together  at  the  end  of  the  vol- 
ume. The  general  title  of  the  work  is  "  Interlinear  Transla- 
tion of  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  Avith  Grammatical  and  Critical 
Notes.  By  Dr.  Leonard  Tafel,  New  York ;  Dr.  Rudolph  L. 
Tafel,  London;  L.  H.  Tafel,  Philadelphia."  The  special  title 
of  the  New  Testament  portions  is :  "  Interlinear  Translation 

1  This  Avord,  I  am  informed,  has  been  nsed  as  meaning  inievHnear ;  and  there- 
fore may  ηοΐΤ*  a  mistake  for  "  Diglott."  But  in  the  book  itself  it  is  not  the 
"  interlineary  "  part  that  is  "emphatic,"  Imt  the  other  English  version. 


THE    GRIESBACH  EDITIONS.  33 

of  the  New  Testament,"  etc.  The  New  Testament  portion  is 
issued  with  two  different  imprints ;  the  first  "  Philadelphia :  L. 
H.  Tafel,  635  Arch  Street.  London:  David  Nutt,  270, 
Strand."  The  other  issue  bears  the  imprint  "  New  York : 
E.  and  J.  B.  Young,  &  Co.,  Cooper  Union,  Fourth  Avenue. 
London,  James  Speiss,  36  Bloomsbury  Street."  The  form  is 
8vo,  pp.  viii.  730 ;  notes,  pp.  ^6.  The  text  is  that  of  Griesbach 
with  modifications.  Besides  the  interhnear  translation,  there 
is  a  transliteration  (also  interlinear)  of  the  Greek  into  Roman 
letters,  after  a  fashion  explained  in  the  introductory  matter. 
The  work  bears  no  date,  but  the  parts  appeared  at  various 
times  in  the  last  decade.  I  suspect  that  the  actual  printing 
of  the  Hebrew  and  Greek  was  done  abroad ;  the  Hebrew,  at 
least,  probably  by  Drugulin,  of  Leipzig.  The  work  belongs 
to  the  class  of  literary  curiosities ;  though  portions  of  it  are 
not  without  merit.  The  Greek  is  printed  without  accents. 
3 


V.  THE  STEPHANIC  EDITIONS. 

The  Stephanie  editions  are  treated  separately  from  the  Mill 
editions,  only  because  the  phenomena  in  America  require  it. 
They  form  the  next  thread  to  be  taken  up  in  chronological 
order.  The  first  of  these  was  the  edition  of  Peter  Wilson/ 
LL.D.,  Professor  Emeritus  of  Columbia  College,  Νελν  York. 
This  was  first  published  in  1822,  at  Hartford,  Connecticut,  by 
Oliver  D.  Cooke  &  Sons ;  stereotyped  by  Hammond  Wallis, 
New  York.  In  Reuss's  Bibliotheca  N.  T.  Gr.,  p.  163  (and  its 
"  Index  Editionum,"  p.  296),  the  first  issue  is  mistakenly  set 
down  as  "  New  York,  stereotypis  Hammondi  Wallis.  1 808." 
But  stereotyping  was  not  introduced  into  America  till  about 
1813;  and  Peter  Wilson  was  not  Professor  Emeritus  of 
Columbia  College  till  1820;  and  about  1808  he  must  have 
been  too  busy  with  his  Laiin  Prosody  (New  York,  18 10)  to 
be  editing  a  Greek  Testament.  Indeed,  his  known  labors  and 
published  works  account  pretty  well  for  all  his  time.    (See  Dr. 

^  Peter  Wilson,  b.  1746,  in  Scotland,  studied  at  the  University  of  Aberdeen, 
removed  to  New  York  1763,  member  of  New  Jersey  Legislature  1777-83,  codi- 
fier  of  the  New  Jersey  laws  1783,  Professor  in  Columbia  College  1789-92  and 
again  1797-1820.  In  1820  be  was  made  Professor  Emeritus,  d.  1825.  I  am 
informed  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Buckingham  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  that  the  late  Prof. 
Chauncey  A.  Goodrich,  of  Yale  College,  actually  superintended  the  printing  of 
Wilson's  Greek  Testament,  and  that  at  the  time  of  its  publication  it  was  com- 
monly called  "  Goodrich's  Greek  Testament,"  although  Goodrich's  name  nowhere 
appears  in  the  book.  Mr.  Buckingham  studied  the  first  edition  of  this  Gr.  N.  T. 
at  Bacon  Academy,  Colchester,  Connecticut,  at  the  same  time  with  Chief  Justice 
Waite,  in  the  days  when  sub-freshmen  had  to  almost  know  the  Greek  Testament 
by  heart.  Professor  Goodrich  was  a  son-in-law  of  Noah  Webster,  and  brother- 
in-law  of  the  last  Governor  Ellsworth  of  Connecticut.  In  1822,  the  same  year 
in  which  he  saw  this  Greek  N.  T.  through  the  press,  he  published  the  first  edi- 
tion of  his^well-known  elementaiy  Greek  grammar  (Hartford,  Huntington  & 
Hopkins),  whose  exercises  consist  in  great  part  of  extracts  from  the  Greek  New 
Testament. 
34 


THE   STEPHANIC  EDITIONS.  35 

H.  Drisler's  article,  Wilson,  Peter,  in  Johnson's  Cyclopaedia.) 
Moreover,  Reuss  had  not  seen  an  edition  of  1808,  nor  does 
he  state  his  authority.  The  origin  of  the  error  is  probably 
to  be  seen  on  p.  137  of  Reuss's  BibliotJieca — in  a  confusion 
for  the  moment  with  the  (Scotch  or)  English  printer,  Andrew 
Wilson.  An  index  error  in  O'Callaghan's  American  Bibles, 
p.  414,  of  "  C.  P.  Wilson"  for  "  cura  P.  Wilson,"  may  have 
added  to  the  confusion.  Reuss  had  seen  no  edition  earlier 
than  1829. 

This  edition  of  Wilson  is  a  l2mo,  pp.  368,  with  no  acces- 
sory matter ;  but  bearing  on  the  titlepage  the  statement  that 
it  is  "  ad  exemplar  Roberti  Stephani  accuratissime  impres- 
sum."  Dr.  Edward  Robinson  had  written  to  Reuss  that  "  it 
has  no  critical  value,  and  probably  Prof  Wilson  did  nothing 
more  than  read  the  proofs."  But  Reuss  found  otherwise.  He 
states  that  out  of  the  56  differences  of  moment  between  the 
first  (1546)  and  third  (1550)  editions  of  R.  Stephanus,  Wilson 
retains  the  reading  of  the  first  in  38  places;  also  that  he  de- 
serts the  latter  in  22  other  places.  All  which  I  have  verified. 
The  places  which  Reuss  gives  in  particular  may  be  summar- 
ized as  follows :  from  the  Complutensian  New  Testament,  as 
retained  in  Stephanus  of  1546,  to  Erasmus  or  Elzevir,  10 
places;  from  Erasmus,  as  retained  by  Stephanus  of  1546,  to 
the  Complutensian,  2  places ;  from  the  older  Stephanus  to 
the  later,  6  places ;  also,  3  places  where  the  first  three  Ste- 
phanus editions  agree,  but  Wilson  leaves  them  all  for  Elze- 
vir ;  and  also  one  Erasmian  reading  adopted  by  Wilson  which 
occurs  in  neither  the  Stephanus  nor  the  Elzevir  editions.  (See 
Reuss,  BibliotJieca,  pp.  163,  164.)  The  places  not  given  in 
particular  can  be  easily  picked  out  from  the  lists  {idem,  pp. 
50-58).^     An  examination  of  these  variations  from  the  Ste- 

1  The  places  specified  in  particular  by  Reuss  are  as  follows :  departures  from 
the  Complutensian  to  Erasmus  or  Elzevir,  Matt.  9:17,  άμ^ύτερα  for  αμφότερο^; 
Matt.  26  :  52,  άπο?<.οννται  for  άποβανοννται ;  Mark  II  :  I,  ΒηΟφαγή  for  Br/θσφαγή ; 
Matt.  24  :  31,  σά/.πιγγος  φονί/ς  for  σά?.πίγγοζ  και  φωνής;  ι  Pet.  2  :  21,  ι'/μών,  ήμίν 
for  ίψών,  νμϊν;  Luke  5  =  Ι9>  ''^^  τϊοίας  for  ποίας;  Matt.  19  :  9'  ^'  /"^  ^^'  πορνεία 
for  μη  επϊ  πορνεία;  Matt.  21  :  Ι,  same  as  Mark  II  :  I  ;  Luke  3  :Λ,  αρχιερέων 
for  άρχιερέως;  Rom.  2  :  5,  omitting  και  after  άποκο?^ηΙ)εως.  Departures  from 
Erasmus  to  Complutensian :  Acts  12  :  25,  Σανλος  for  Ώανλος  [this  also  in  R.  Ste- 


$6  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

phanic  editions,  without  going  any  farther,  will  make  us 
agree  entirely  with  Reuss — "  editionem  hie  quoad  textum 
plane  singularem  reperi "  {idem,  p.   163). 

Wilson's  New  Testament  has  had  an  enormous  circulation, 
and  is  still  in  use  by  very  many.  Probably  no  edition  was 
more  commonly  used  by  the  mass  of  clergymen  and  students 
from  1823  to  1840.  The  editions  which  have  come  to  my 
knowledge  are  the  following:  Hartford,  Oliver  D.  Cooke  & 
Sons,  1822,  1825,  1827,  1829;  Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan, 
1829,  1831  ;  Philadelphia,  Towar,  Hogan  &  Thompson,  1833  ; 
Philadelphia,  Haswell,  Barrington,  &  Haswell  (with  other  firms, 
one  in  Pittsburgh),  1838  ;  Philadelphia,  Ed.  Barrington  &  Geo. 
D.  Haswell,  not  dated,  but  issued  at  least  as  early  as  1851 
(known  by  a  printer's — not  binder's — error  in  transposing 
pages  142,  143  with  pages  242,  243),  and  the  same  corrected, 
giving  the  publishers'  place  of  business  at  293  Market  Street, 
also  again  without  date,  giving  the  publishers'  place  at  27 
North  Sixth  Street  (one  of  these  latter  issued  in  1854);  Phila- 
delphia, Lippincott,  Grambo,  &  Co.,  1854;  Philadelphia,  J.  B. 
Lippincott,  &  Co.,  1858,  1859,  1S60;  Philadelphia,  Claxton, 
Remsen,  &  Haffelfinger,   1870,   1880. 

Following  Wilson,  in  the  same  family,  and  next  also  in  order 
of  time,  comes  one  of  the  most  remarkable  pieces  of  book- 
making  to  be  found  in  modern  sacred  literature.  This  pro- 
fesses to  be  John  Leusden's,  with  the  Latin  version  of  Arias 
Montanus ;  also  to  have  Leusden's  1900  select  verses  marked 
with  a  *,  besides  his  t  and  %,  for  their  several  purposes.  The 
title  is  evidently  copied  from  the  Leusden   edition  of  Long 

phanus,  1551]  ;  2  Tim.  4:13,  φείόνην  for  φαιλόνην.  Leaves  R.  Stephanus  1546 
for  a  later  R.  Stephanus :  Mark  8  :  34,  ελθεΐν  for  άκολυνβεϊν ;  Mark  14  :  32,  εως 
προσενξωμαί  for  ίως  ττροσενξομηι;  Mark  8:13,  εΙς  το  π^οΙον  for  εΙς  πλοϊσν ;  Ι  Cor. 
15  :  33»  XPV^^^'  Γ•!"'^]  for  χρηστά;  Phil.  2  :  I,  εΖ  τίνα  for  εΐ  τις;  Rev.  10  :  4,  μν  ~(ΐντα 
■γρά-φτις  for  μη  ταντα  γμάφτις.  Leaves  Stephanus  for  Elzevir :  Matt.  21:7, 
ίπεκάβισαν  for  έπεκάθισεν  [this  also  Stephanus  1551];  Coloss.  I  :  2,  Κολοσσαϊς 
for  Κο7.ασσαΊς ;  i  Pet.  3  :  21,  J)  και  ήμας  for  δ  κηΐ  ημης.  Erasmian  unknown  to 
Stephanus  or  Elzevir,  Mark  7  :  26,  ΣνρηφοηΊκίσσα  for  Σνροφοίνισσα.  For  the 
differences  noi  particularly  mentioned,  ?'.  e.,  the  38  first  mentioned  above,  see 
Reuss's  lists  [idevi,  pp.  50-54). 


THE   STEP  HA  NIC  EDITIONS.  3/ 

(New  York,  1821)/  so  as  to  have  an  orthodox  and  market- 
catching  title  for  a  Greek-Latin  edition.  It  is  a  i2mo,  pp.  775, 
Greek  and  Latin  in  parallel  columns,  and  first  published  at 
New  York,  in  1824,  by  Collins  and  Hannay,  stereotyped  by 
Hammond  Wallis  &  Co.  Reuss  {idem,  pp.  128,  129),  without 
seeing  it,  had  noted  it  as  a  genuine  Leusden,  on  the  authority 
of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  C.  P.  Krauth.  But  the  fact  is  otherwise, 
as  Reuss  would  have  known  had  he  seen  that  edition ;  for  he 
did  detect  it  in  the  repetition  of  1858.  So  far  from  being  a 
Leusden,  of  the  Elzevir  family,  it  is  nothing  but  a  Wilson, 
from  plates  that  the  stereotyper  (who  two  years  before  had 
stereotyped  Wilson)  could  easily  furnish,  and  apparently  did ; 
with  scarcely  more  alteration  than  to  cut  them  in  half  length- 
wise, so  as  to  fit  the  pieces  alongside  the  Latin  column.  Wil- 
son, however,  is  altered  in  one  place,  viz.,  by  inserting  the 
verse  Luke  17  :  36,  so  as  to  accommodate  the  Latin  and  tally 
better  with  the  real  Leusden  editions.  But  besides  the  gene- 
ral falsehood  of  the  title,  these  minor  statements  about  the 
1900  select  verses  marked  with  a  *,  and  the  f,  and  the  %,  are 
false  likewise.  No  trace  whatever  of  any  of  them  appears  in 
the  text. 

O'Callaghan  {Ainer.  Bibles,  p.  368),  first  finding  this  book  in 
its  issue  of  1858,  unsuspectingly  and  innocently  remarks  that 
it  inverts  the  order  of  the  verses  Matt.  23  :  13,  14;  not  know- 
ing that  this  inversion  was  one  of  the  distinguishing  charac- 
teristics of  a  family  of  texts  different  from  Leusden. 

The  deceptive  character  of  this  edition  is  equalled  only  by 
the  extent  of  its  success.  The  first  spurious  Leusden  of  1675 
(see  p.  23,  note)  furnishes  no  adequate  parallel.  It  is  still  in 
print,  apparently  from  the  very  same  plates  as  at  first,  and  still 
finds  a  ready  market.  I  am  informed  by  the  Philadelphia 
booksellers  that  this  edition,  together  with  Wilson's  and  the 
Polymicrian,  are  the  ones  which  the  new  crop  of  students, 

^  Long  was  employed  as  a  printer  by  Collins  &  Hannay  for  other  publications. 
The  names  of  Collins,  Hannay,  Long,  and  Dean  all  appear  on  the  titlepage  in 
some  books.  For  instance,  the  fifth  American  edition  of  Valpy's  Elements  of 
Greek  Grammar,  with  additions,  etc.,  by  Charles  Anthon,  New  York,  1825,  bears 
as  its  imprint,  "  Evert  Duyckinck,  George  Long,  Collins  &  Co.,  and  Collins  & 
Hannay.     W.  E.  Dean,  printer." 


38  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

every  autumn,  chiefly  purchase.  It  may  readily  be  recognized 
by  a  mistake  in  the  title  to  Matthew,  where  an  0  still  holds  the 
place  of  a  Θ,  as  it  has  done  from  the  beginning. 

The  other  issues  which  have  come  to  my  knowledge  are : 
New  York,  Collins  &  Hannay,  1831;  New  York,  B.  &  S. 
Collins,  1835  ;  New  York,  Collins,  Keese,  &  Co.  (W.  E.  Dean, 
printer),  1836,  1838;  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  also  Collins, 
1840;  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  1844,  1849,  1851,  1852,  1853; 
Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Grambo,  &  Co.,  1855  ;  Philadelphia, 
J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  1858,  1859,  i860,  1863,  1865,  1875, 
1876,  1878,  1880,  1882.  Wilson  under  false  colors  has  had  a 
circulation  rather  more  extended  than  Wilson  under  the  true. 

Whatever  doubt  may  be  entertained  respecting  the  pro- 
priety of  classing  the  two  preceding  publications  among  the 
Stephanie  editions,  none  can  exist  with  regard  to  the  issue  of 
Dr.  F.  H.  A.  Scrivener's  convenient  manual,  issued  by  Henry 
Holt,  &  Co.,  at  New  York,  1879.  It  is  bound  up  with  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Sheldon  Green's  revision  of  Greenfield's  Lexi- 
con.    Both  are  impressions  of  the  English  plates. 

Scrivener's  Manual,  as  is  well  known,  is  a  reprint  (at  the 
Cambridge  University  Press,  England,  i6mo,  pp.  viii.  598) 
of  the  third  edition  (1550)  of  Robert  Stephens,  with  foot- 
notes showing  the  different  readings  of  noted  critical  editors, 
and  a  different  type  in  the  text  to  mark  the  variant  places.  It 
first  appeared  in  1859,  and  has  reached  at  least  its  ninth  edi- 
tion; those  of  1873  and  later  having  been  considerably  revised 
— the  later  ones  chiefly  by  substituting  actual  Beza  readings  for 
the  false  ones  in  the  earlier  editions.  The  authority  for  these 
readings  Scrivener  gives  in  the  earlier  editions  as  "Bczae 
1565  ;"  but  in  the  edition  of  1873,  after  his  errors  had  been 
pointed  out  by  Dr.  Ezra  Abbot  in  1872,  he  changed  it  to 
"  Bezae  1565.  (Lond.)."  In  the  edition  of  1877  it  is  again 
simply  "Bezae  1565,"  dropping  the  "(Lond.);"  as  the  errors 
had  been  now  corrected  (but  not  entirely,  however,  and  with 
some  new  ones  committed)  in  the  stereotype  plates.  A  com- 
parison of  the  earlier  and  later  Scrivener  editions  with  his 
"  list  of  those   places,  in  which  our  translation  agrees  with 


THE   STEPHANIC  EDITIONS.  39 

Beta's  New  Testament  against  that  of  Stephens,"  in  his  Sup- 
plement to  the  AiitJiorized  Version  of  the  English  N.  T.  (Lon- 
don, 1845),  pp.  7,  8  (compare  the  foot-note,  p.  8),  discloses  a 
{q.\w  indications  that  his  collation  employed  in  the  earlier  edi- 
tions was  made  at  least  as  long  ago  as  1845  ;  and  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  either  a  false  titlepage  or  his  own  memory  has 
served  him  a  bad  turn.  At  all  events,  the  text  which  he  used 
for  those  earlier  editions  of  his  Greek  New  Testament  w^as 
quite  different  from  any  Beza ;  and  it  will  puzzle  the  most 
acute  bibliographer  either  to  find  a  London  Beza  of  1565  or 
to  account  for  its  existence.  In  the  third  (1883)  edition  of 
Scrivener's  Plain  Introduction  (p.  440,  note  2),  he  says  of  this 
hypothetical  book  :  "  It  is  doubtless  an  unauthorized  and  very 
poor  reprint  in  quarto  of  the  edition  of  1556."  But  the  edi- 
tion of  1556  contained  no  Greek  text,  but  only  Latin.  And 
the  supposition  that  it  was  a  quarto  excludes  the  suggestion 
(made  to  me  by  one  of  Dr.  Scrivener's  learned  countrymen) 
that  the  book  was  an  actual  Geneva  impression  with  a  Lon-  - 
don  imprint.  But  this  suggestion  is  inconsistent  with  the 
textual  phenomena  as  well, 

A  professed  reprint  from  this  edition  of  Scrivener  is  a  work 
with  the  following  title :  "  The  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  in 
Greek,  in  which  the  Text  of  Robert  Stephens,  Third  Edition, 
is  compared  with  the  Text  of  the  Elzevirs,  Lachmann,  Alford, 
Tregelles,  Tischendorf,  and  Westcott,  and  with  the  chief  un- 
cial and  cursive  MSS.,  together  with  references  to  the  New 
Testament  Grammars  of  Winer  and  Buttmann.  By  Henry 
A.  Buttz,  professor  of  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  Drew  The- 
ological Seminary.  New  York  :  Nelson  &  Phillips.  Cincin- 
nati :  Hitchcock  &  Walden.  1876."  It  is  an  8vo,  pp.  42  ;  and 
contains  Scrivener's  text  and  margin,  with  a  compilation,  in 
the  shape  of  foot-notes,  from  Alford  and  others.  It  was  "  in- 
tended as  the  beginning  of  an  edition  of  the  entire  Greek 
Testament  with  textual  and  grammatical  references ;"  but  the 
work  has  not  been  continued.  Its  comparisons  with  Westcott 
appear  to  be  based  on  so  much  of  Westcott  &  Hort's  text  as 
appeared  in  Dr.  C.  J.  Vaughan's  Romans  (London,  Macmillan 


40  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

&  Co.,  4th  ed.,  1873);  and  the  grammatical  references  closely 
correspond  with  Professor  J.  H.  Thayer's  indexes  in  his  trans- 
lations of  Winer  and  Buttmann.  A  second  edition  of  Prof. 
Buttz's  work  appeared  in  1877,  and  a  third  in  1879;  the  same 
place  and  publishers. 


VI.  THE  KNAPP  EDITIONS. 

Knapp's  text  was  the  next  to  make  its  appearance  ;  in  the 
shape  of  a  Harmony  of  the  Gospels  constructed  by  Dr.  Ed- 
ward Robinson  "  in  the  general  order  of  Le  Clerc  and  New- 
come,"  and  with  Newcome's  notes ;  published  at  Andover,  by 
Gould  &  Newman  (also  New  York,  Lord,  Leavitt,  &  Co.),  in 
1834;  8vo,  pp.  xxviii.  328.  It  has  also  Knapp's  various  read- 
ings ;  and  two  appendixes,  giving,  severally.  Dr.  Benson's  and 
Dr.  Lardner's  manner  of  harmonizing  the  accounts  of  Christ's 
resurrection.  Knapp's  fourth  edition^  is  apparently  the  text 
here  followed.  Knapp's  text  differed  somewhat  from  Gries- 
bach,  but  seems  to  have  inserted  only  one  reading  peculiar 
to  himself;  the  other  variants  coming  from  other  less  known 
editors,  among  whom  Mace  (1729,  published  anonymously — 
too  much  censured  in  his  own  time,  and  too  much  neglected 
later)  seems  to  be  chiefly  followed.  Knapp's  editions  were 
published  at  Halle  in  1797,  18 13,  1824,  1829,  1840,  besides  a 
Greek-German  one  at  Berlin  in  1837.  The  second  and  third 
are  identical ;  and  so,  again,  are  the  fourth  and  fifth.  The 
fourth  edition  has  been  very  extensively  imported  and  used 
in  America ;  and  a  copy  is  to  be  seen  in  the  library  of  almost 
every  scholar  who  has  passed  middle  life.  It  is  still  a  pleasant 
book  to  use. 

Knapp's  text  again  appeared  in  "  The  Student's  New  Tes- 
tament," edited  by  R.  B.  Patton,  and  published  by  Charles 
Starr,  New  York,  1835.  It  was  printed  on  ruled  writing- 
paper  with  very  wide  margins  (the  edition  being  intended  for 

^  That  is,  the  fourth  genuine  Knap]).  The  edition  published  by  Valpy,  Lon- 
don, 1824,  though  called  "fourth  edition,"  is  really  an  altered  reprint  of  the 
third. 

41 


42  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

note-taking  students),  and  so  arranged  that  a  verse  always 
ends  at  the  foot  of  a  page.  Other\vise  this  edition  keeps 
Knapp's  paragraphs,  also  his  spaces  to  mark  sub-paragraphs 
(like  Bengel's  before  Knapp,  and  Westcott  &  Hort's  more 
recently) ;  with  his  other  conveniences  and  accessory  mat- 
ter. It  has  also  a  preface  by  Patton.  It  is  a  reproduction 
of  Knapp's  fourth  edition  entire,  "  with  the  exception  of  the 
Latin  arguments  of  the  chapters,  at  the  bottom  of  the  page." 
This  edition,  stereotyped,  was  issued  again  at  Ncav  York  by 
J,"  C.  Riker,  in  1845  (styled  falsely  "  Editio  Prima  Americana 
Stereotypa  "  on  the  titlepage),  and  by  the  same  again,  without 
date.  It  \vas  to  be  had  either  separately  or  bound  up  with 
the  English  Old  Testament,  printed  on  the  same  ruled  paper 
with  broad  margins.  The  whole  formed  "  The  Student's 
Bible."  It  was  a  large  4to,  the  New  Testament  having  pp. 
xix.,  foil.  234,  pp.  235-248.  In  some  copies  of  each  issue, 
the  leaves  containing  the  text  are  printed  upon  one  side  only, 
and  that  portion  has  the  folios  (only)  numbered.  But  other 
copies  of  each  issue  have  both  sides  printed  upon,  and,  of 
course,  all  the  pages  (248)  numbered.  In  the  latter  form  the 
book  has  scarcely  half  the  thickness  of  the  other. 


VII.   THE   BLOOMFIELD    EDITIONS. 

The  next  family  to  appear  were  the  Bloomfields.  The 
American  edition  of  Bloomfield  (2  vols.  8vo,  pp.  xxxii.  597, 
631)  appeared  at  Boston  in  1837,  under  the  superintendence 
of  Moses  Stuart,  and  with  a  preface  by  him.  The  titlepage 
reads  as  follows:  ''Ή  ΚΑΙΝΗ  ΑΙΑΘΗΚΗ.  The  Greek  Tes- 
tament; with  English  Notes,  critical,  philological,  and  exeget- 
ical,  partly  selected  and  arranged  from  the  best  commentators, 
ancient  and  modern,  but  chiefly  original.  The  whole  being 
especially  adapted  to  the  use  of  Academical  Students,  Candi- 
dates for  the  Sacred  Office,  and  Ministers;  though  also  in- 
tended as  a  manual  edition  for  the  use  of  theological  readers 
in  general.  By  the  Rev.  S.  T.  Bloomfield,  D.  D.,  F.  S.  Α., 
vicar  of  Bisbrooke,  Rutland.  First  American  from  the  sec- 
ond London  edition.  In  two  volumes.  .  .  .  Boston  :  Pub- 
lished by  Perkins  and  Marvin.  Philadelphia :  Henry  Perkins. 
1837."  The  "  Preface  to  the  American  Edition"  is  dated  "  Oc- 
tober 1st,  1836,"  and  the  work  is  said  to  have  actually  appeared 
in  that  year.  Some  copies  insert,  between  the  Boston  and 
Philadelphia  publishers'  names,  the  words  "  New  York : 
Gould  and  Newman." 

It  is  not  an  easy  matter  to  trace  or  to  enumerate  all  the  re- 
issues. They  are  all  from  the  same  plates,  which  ever  since 
the  dissolution  of  the  Boston  firm,  about  1842,  have  been  in 
the  possession  of  Henry  Perkins,  of  Philadelphia,  who  was  a 
brother  of  Benjamin  Perkins,  of  the  firm  of  Perkins  &  Mar- 
vin. The  most  diligent  search  has  failed  to  discover  any 
copy  of  the  second,  third,  or  fourth  edition ;  or  any  edition 
after  the  fifth  until  we  come  to  the  fourteenth.  Whether  edi- 
tions with  these  undiscovered  numbers  ever  existed  or  not,  I 
am  unable,  nor  is  the  owner  of  the  stereotype  plates  able,  to 

43 


44  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

tell.  The  suggestion  naturally  presents  itself  that  the  Amer- 
ican publishers  counted  the  English  editions  as  members  of 
the  series ;  but  there  are  several  difficulties  in  the  way  of  that 
explanation,  one  of  which  difficulties  is  to  determine  the 
method — whether  based  on  fact  or  on  fiction — which  could 
have  been  followed  in  such  counting.  Not  only  the  Amer- 
ican but  the  English  Bloomfields  are  a  vexation  to  the  bibli- 
ographer. 

Besides  the  changes  in  the  imprint,  the  title  appears  in  a 
somewhat  abbreviated  form  in  the  later  editions.  The  sub- 
sequent issues  which  I  have  traced  are  the  following :  fifth 
American  edition,  Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves,  1843;  the 
same,  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  Boston,  Benjamin  Perkins, 
1846;  the  same,  Boston,  Perkins,  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins, 
1848;  the  same,  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  Boston,  Perkins  & 
Marvin  \sic\  1848;  the  same,  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  Bos- 
ton, Benjamin  Perkins,  1848;  the  same,  Philadelphia,  Clark 
&  Hesser,  1854;  the  same,  Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo. 
Bliss,  1854  (making  thus  far  two  forms  of  the  "  first  Amer- 
ican edition "  and  seven  forms  of  the  "  fifth  American  edi- 
tion"); Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  1856,  edition-number  not 
known;  14th  edition,  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  ΐ8ό8,  1869, 
1870.  I  have  also  learned  that  several  issues  appeared  be- 
tween 1856  and  1868,  all  bearing  the  imprint  of  Lippincott, 
Philadelphia,  but  their  dates  and  edition-numbers  I  have  been 
unable  to  ascertain. 

As  to  text,  this  book  is  to  be  considered  as  an  altered  Mill, 
notwithstanding  its  bracketed  insertions  in  the  text  from  vari- 
ous sources.  It  is  more  noteworthy  as  a  multiun  in  parvo 
commentary  (of  high  ecclesiastical  color)  than  as  a  text,  but 
it  has  little  critical  merit  of  the  desirable  sort.  Its  mention 
of  the  readings  of  the  MSS.  is  made  in  a  manner  so  loose  and 
careless,  that  the  natural  expansion  thereof  in  the  ninth  edi- 
tion (London,  1855)  results  in  many  statements  wholly  imag- 
inary ;  such,  for  example,  as  citing  the  Vatican  MS.  in  a  por- 
tion of  the  New  Testament  where  that  MS.  is  lacking.'     (See, 

^  That,  however,  is  scarcely  equal  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London's  remark  in 
The  Speaker's  Covimentary  on  i  Tim.  3:16  (N.  T.  vol.  iii.  p.  780) :  "  The  Vati- 


THE   BLOOMFIELD   EDITIONS.  45 

for  example,  the  note  on  2  Timothy  2:3,  where  this  is  done 
with  not  only  that  MS.  but  others  also.  Also,  note  on  2  Cor- 
inthians 5:12,  where  a  pretended  quotation  is  similarly  made 
from  the  Alexandrine  MS. — which  lacks  2  Cor.  4 :  13  to  12  :  6.) 
The  first  original  Bloomfield  appeared  at  London  in  1832  ;  the 
second,  much  amended  and  improved,  in  1836.  It  is  this  sec- 
ond edition  which  is  reproduced  in  the  American  edition.  But 
all  the  Bloomfield  editions  are  as  nearly  Avorthless  as  it  is  pos- 
sible for  such  a  large  and  laborious  work  to  be.  It  is  not  that 
they  do  not  contain  an  abundance  of  good  rnatter,  but  the 
good  is  so  hopelessly  mixed  up  with  the  bad  and  the  inac- 
curate, that  they  are  not  fit  for  the  learner,  nor  worth  sifting 
by  the  learned. 

Bloomfield's  minor  edition  (London,  several  editions  be- 
tween 1840  and  i860),  i2mo,  was  imported  by  Lippincott, 
and  is  said  to  be  sometimes  seen  with  their  imprint,  but  I  have 
seen  it  with  their  name  only  on  the  back  of  the  bound  volume. 
I  do  not  know  that  this  edition  has  ever  been  reprinted  in 
America.  (For  the  curious  matter  of  its  readings — their  al- 
leged agreement  with  and  actual  difference  from  the  larger 
editions — see  Reuss,  BibliotJi.  N.  T.  Gr.,  p.  238.) 

can  MS.  cannot  be  appealed  to  \i.  e.  as  to  whether  the  reading  is  ος,  or  0εόζ•],  be- 
cause the  jealousy  of  Rome  has  prevented  accurate  collation,  and  the  edition 
published  by  Cardinal  Mai  proves  to  be  not  so  much  a  faithful  reproduction  of 
the  MS.  as  an  edition  of  the  New  Testament  grounded  upon  it."  The  Lord 
Bishop  surely  ought  to  know  that  the  Vatican  MS.  does  not  contain  the  Pas- 
toral Epistles. 


IX.   THE  HAHN  EDITIONS. 

Robinson's  Hahn,^  the  next  in  order,  is  almost  too  well 
known  to  need  description ;  but  it  is  rapidly  being  crowded 
out  by  later  critical  works,  and  may  cease  before  long  to  be 
familiar.  It  is  a  reprint  of  Augustus  Hahn's  recension  of  the 
edition  of  John  Augustus  Henry  Tittmann ;  differing  from 
Hahn's  edition  of  1840  (Leipzig,  Tauchnitz)  only  by  an  "Ad- 
vertisement" of  Dr.  Edward  Robinson's  dated  May  10,  1842, 
and  by  giving  the  "  Notices  of  the  Principal  Manuscripts  and 
other  Helps  for  the  Criticism  of  the  Greek  Text  of  the  New 
Testament "  in  English,  instead  of  Latin.  It  retains  the  mar- 
ginal notes  of  the  original,  which  consist  of  various  readings 
of  other  critical  editors,  with  parallel  Scripture  references. 
The  address  of  Tittmann  to  the  kind  reader  ("  L.  B.  S."), 
dated  Leipzig,  25  Nov.,  18 19,  and  that  of  Hahn,  dated  Wrat- 
islaw,  12  May,  1840,  are  retained  in  Latin.  The  book  is  a 
i2mo,  pp.  xxviii.  508. 

This  edition,  called  "  Editio  Stereotypa  Americana  "  on  the 
titlepage,  first  appeared  in  1842,  with  three  different  forms  of 
the  imprint,  two  of  them  dated.  The  imprint  of  the  undated 
issue  was  "  New  York  :  Leavitt  &  Allen,"  and  this  was  often 
reissued.  The  others  bore  the  imprint  of  "  New  York :  Leavitt 
&  Trow;  Boston :  Crocker  and  BreAvster,"  and  "  Boston:  Crock- 
er &  Brewster.  New  York :  Leavitt  &  Trow,"  respectively. 
That  is,  they  bore  the  same  names,  but  in  reversed  order.  The 
other  dated  issues,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  trace  them, 
are  the  following :  New  York,  Leavitt  &  TroAv ;  Boston,  Crock- 
er &  Brewster,  1845  !  'i"^  another  issue  by  the  same,  the  same 
year,  in  8vo ;  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  1854,  1855,  1857; 

^  All  the  American  Hahn  texts  are  the  ea?-lier.     The  later  Hahn  text,  1861, 
etc.,  has  not  been  reprinted  here, 
46 


THE   HAHN  EDITIONS.  47 

New  York,  Appleton,  1866,  1867,  1868,  1870,  1872,  1875,  1880. 
The  book  had  a  circulation  as  respectable  as  it  was  extensive, 
but  the  day  of  its  preference  as  a  critical  edition  has  long  been 
passed. 

Robinson's  Harmony  (8vo,  pp.  xx.  235)  naturally  belongs  to 
the  same  text.  This,  Robinson's  own  arrangement  and  Hahn's 
text,  was  published  at  Boston  by  Crocker  &  Brewster,  in  1845. 
A  Revised  edition,  differing  from  the  first  chiefly  in  the  sched- 
ule of  events  in  the  Passion  Week,  was  issued  by  the  same 
publishers  at  the  same  place,  1851,  1853,  1857,  1859,  1862, 
1865,  1872;  also  Boston,  Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  1879; 
Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co.,  1879,  1882.  In  its  time, 
this  Harmony  easily  distanced  all  others  in  America  in  pop- 
ularity, if  not  in  merit.  It  was  the  lineal  successor  and 
descendant,  so  to  speak,  of  the  first  Harmony  published  in 
America ;  and  the  memory  of  its  author  is  still  a  power  in  its 
circulation.  But  the  progress  of  Biblical  science  does  not  stop 
with  any  one  generation  or  its  acquisitions. 

Another  specimen  of  the  Hahn  text  appears  in  the  "  Col- 
lectanea Evangelica,"  or  selections  from  the  Gospels,  \vith  a 
passage  or  two  from  the  Acts,  arranged  in  "  chronological 
order "  so  as  to  form  a  connected  history  of  the  principal 
events  in  the  life  and  ministry  of  Christ.  Its  compiler  is 
N.  C.  Brooks,  A.M.,  then  principal  of  the  high  school  in  Bal- 
timore, afterwards  LL.D.,  and  president  of  the  (Methodist) 
Baltimore  Female  College.  The  "  Collectanea  "  was  intended 
as  a  school-book,'  and  is  provided  with  notes  and  a  lexicon. 
It  is  a  rather  small  i6mo,  pp.  210,  published  at  Baltimore, 
1847,  two  editions  the  same  year,  by  Cushing  &  Brother,  also 
Sorin  &  Ball  at  Philadelphia ;  third  edition.  New  York,  A.  S. 
Barnes  &  Co.,  also  Cincinnati,  H.  W.  Derby  &  Co.,  1849.  The 
stereotype  plates  were  made  in  New  York. 

1  One  of  a  series  of  school-books  edited  by  the  compiler ;  a  series  recom- 
mended by  Edgar  A.  Poe,  then  editor  of  the  Broadway  yournal,  N.  Y.  His 
recommendation  is  printed  in  the  ily  leaves  of  the  first  two  editions  of  the 
"  Collectanea." 


48  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

In  1 87 1  this  book  was  again  issued  from  the  same  plates, 
but  with  a  new  titlepage,  a  new  name,  a  new  copyright  note, 
a  new  dedication  to  a  different  person,  and  a  shortened 
preface.  This  time  it  is  the  "  Harmonia  Evangehca :  a  Greek 
Harmony  of  the  Four  Gospels ;"  but  in  the  Dedication  it  is 
called  also  a  "  Monotessaron."  It  was  issued  at  Philadelphia, 
by  Claxton,  Remsen,  and  Haffelfinger.  The  sub-title  on  the 
first  page  of  the  text,  and  the  running  titles  at  the  top  of  the 
pages,  are  changed  to  correspond. 

To  the  same  Hahn  text  canform  also  Owen's  edition  of  the 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,'  with  notes  and  vocabulary;  i2mo,  pp. 
xii.  276,  New  York,  Leavitt,  1850,  1852,  1856;  New  York, 
Appleton,  i86p,  1875,  1876,  1882;  and  chiefly  also  Professor 
Samuel  H,  Turner's"  editions  of  several  Epistles,  with  Eng- 
lish translation,  and  a  commentary.  These  were,  Hebrews, 
pp.  viii.  186,  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords,  1852,  and  again 

1  John  Jason  Owen,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  b.  1803  at  Colebrook,  Connecticut;  grad- 
uated at  Middlebury  College,  Vermont,  1829,  and  at  Andover  Theological  Sem- 
inary, 1S31 ;  president  of  Cornelius  Institute,  New  York;  professor  of  Latin  and 
Greek  in  New  York  Free  Academy,  1848,  and  its  vice-principal  in  1853;  vice- 
president  of  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1866;  d.  at  New  York, 
1869.  His  editions  of  Xenophon's  Anabasis  and  Cyropredia,  of  the  Iliad, 
the  Odyssey,  and  Thucydides  (Peloponnesian  War),  his  Greek  Reader, 
and  his  Commentary  on  the  Gospels,  were  familiar  to  most  American 
students  not  many  years  ago,  and  have  not  yet  gone  entirely  out  of  use. 
It  is  of  this  edition  of  the  Acts  that  "J.  H.  W."  thus  speaks  in  ΆΙ'-Clintock 
ξΰ'  Strong's  CyclopcBdia,  vol.  vii.  p.  496:  "It  was  a  frequent  comment  of  Prof. 
Owen's  that  theological  students  were  unable  to  combine  the  study  of  Greek  and 
of  the  Bible  at  the  same  time,  to  remedy  which  he  finally  translated  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles  into  Greek,  appending  a  dictionaiy  of  the  words  in  the  same  lan- 
guage." Dr.  Owen's  scholarly  work  has,  however,  met  with  a  very  competent 
and  sensible,  as  well  as  wide,  appreciation. 

"^  Samuel  Hulbeart  Turner,  D.D.,  b.  at  Philadelphia,  1790;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  1807;  professor  in  the  General  (Episcopal)  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  New  York,  1818-20,  and  again  1821  till  his  death;  also  pro- 
fessor of  Hebrew  in  Columbia  College  from  1831 ;  d.  at  New  York,  1861.  Be- 
sides the  works  here  noticed,  Professor  Turner  was  the  author  of  a  Companion 
to  the  Book  of  Genesis,  Biographical  Notices  of  Distinguished  Rabbis,  Parallel 
References  Illustrative  of  the  New  Testament,  The  Gospels  according  to  the 
Ammonian  sections  and  the  Tables  of  Eusebius  (translated  from  the  Oxford 
Greek  edition  of  1805),  and  several  other  works  of  kindred  character  and 
merit. 


THE   HAHN  EDITIONS.  49 

1855  ;  Romans,  pp.  xvi.  252,  New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords, 
1853,  again,  1855,  and  again.  New  York,  Randolph,  1859; 
Galatians,  pp.  xiii.  98,  New  York,  Dana  &  Co.,  1856;  Ephe- 
sians,  pp.  xix.  198,  New  York,  Dana  &  Co.,  1856;  all  in 
8vo.  All  these  are  known  as  works  of  high  character.  Tur- 
ner's works  deal  largely  with  questions  of  textual  criticism  ; 
many  pages  being  almost  wholly  occupied  in  their  dis- 
cussion. 

4 


χ.  MISCELLANEOUS. 

In  1830  appeared  "The  Gospel  of  St.  John,  in  Greek  and 
EngHsh,  interhned  and  literally  translated :  with  a  transposi- 
tion of  the  words  into  their  due  order  of  construction ;  and  a 
dictionary  defining  and  parsing  them :  principally  designed 
for  the  use  of  schools.  By  E.  Friederici.  New  York  :  pub- 
lished for  the  author,  by  G.  F.  Bunce,  224  Cherry  St."  i6mo, 
pp.  176,  2  leaves.  I  have  had  no  opportunity  to  examine  its 
text. 

In  1 861  was  published  at  Philadelphia,  by  Charles  Desilver, 
an  edition  of  the  Gospel  of  John,  i2mo,  pp.  292,  edited  by 
George  William  Heilig,  containing  an  "  interlinear  and  an- 
alytical translation,"  and  a  great  deal  of  accessory  matter. 
This  was  one  of  the  "  Hamiltonian  System "  of  school- 
books,  as  improved  by  Thomas  Clark.  One-half  of  the 
book  seems  to  be  a  reprint  of  James  Hamilton's  Gospel  of 
JoJin  in  Greek,  etc.,  fifth  edition,  London,  1847;  and  the 
other  half  matter  compiled  by  Heilig  from  well-known 
sources,  which  he  states  in  full.  On  the  right  hand  page  is 
the  text  with  the  interlinear  translation;  and  this  portion 
comprises  the  reprinted  matter.  The  left  hand  page  con- 
tains the  text  again,  alongside  of  the  Common  English  ver- 
sion (American  Bible  Society's  edition  of  1852)  and  the 
Roman  Catholic  (from  Cummiskey's  Bible,  Philadelphia, 
1840),  with  Scripture  references  in  the  outer  and  lower  mar- 
gins and  grammatical  notes  at  the  foot.  The  grammatical 
and  historical  notes  are  taken  from  Rev.  Dr.  C.  P.  Krauth's 
translation  of  Tholuck's  Coninieiitary  on  the  Gospel  of  jfoJin 
(Philadelphia,  1879).     At  the  end  are  eight  pages  of  "critical 

50 


Μ  ISC  EL  LA  Ν  Ε  Ο  US.  5  I 

annotations."     The  Greek  text  is  professedly  that  of  Theile, 
editio  stereotypa,  Leipzig,  Tauchnitz,   1858. 

Theiie's  text  was  professedly  based  on  Knapp ;  but  it  is 
quite  a  different  affair  from  Knapp,  having  a  very  large  ele- 
ment derived  from  recent  critical  editors,  among  whom  Gries- 
bach,  Lachmann,  Hahn,  and  Tischendorf  hold  the  chief 
place.  Theiie's  New  Testament  {editio  stereotypa)  is  the  one 
Avhich  replaced  Tittmann  in  the  familiar  series  of  Tauchnitz 
classics.  It  has  been  "  usu  in  Germania  tritissima,"  and  not 
altogether  unknown  in  America. 

Tischcndorf's  text  (ed.  viii.  crit.  viaj)  is  adopted  in  the 
Harmony  of  the  Gospels  by  Professor  Frederic  Gardiner, 
D.D.,  of  the  Berkeley  Divinity  School,  Middletown,  Connec- 
ticut. It  is  an  8vo,  published  at  Andover,  by  Warren  F. 
Draper,  1871,  1872,  1873,  1875,  1876  (revised  ed.,  pp.  Iv. 
268,  64),  1879,  1880.  This  work  has  come  into  quite  gen- 
eral use,  and  has  in  a  measure  superseded  and  displaced  Rob- 
inson's Harmony ;  its  differences  from  the  latter  having  gen- 
erally a  basis  of  later  investigation.  It  contains  several  fea- 
tures which  add  greatly  to  the  convenience  of  a  work  of  the 
sort,  such  as  giving  Old  Testament  references  in  the  original 
Hebrew,  and  in  the  Septuagint  Greek  when  necessary,  and, 
especially,  a  table  which  shows  at  a  glance  the  arrangement 
of  events  adopted  in  the  best  known  or  the  most  widely  used 
Harmonies.  Appended  is  an  excellent  summary  of  the 
"  Principles  of  Textual  Criticism,"  with  a  "  Graphic  Table  of 
NcAV  Testament  Uncials,"  Avhich  last  exhibits  to  the  eye  at  a 
glance  the  uncial  record  of  every  passage  in  the  New  Tes- 
tament. 

In  1879,  but  without  date,  was  issued  "A  [  CRITICAL 
AND  DOCTRINAL  COMMENTARY  |  upon  the  |  Epis- 
tle OF  St.  Paul  to  the  Romans.  ]  By  |  William  G.  T. 
Shedd,  D.D.,  I  Roosevelt  Professor  of  Systematic  Theology 
in  Union  ]  Theological  Seminary,  New  York.  |  New  York  : 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  |  743  and  745  Broadway."  8vo, 
pp.  viii. 439.    The  author  says  (Preface, p.  v.) :  "I  have  adopted 


52  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

the  text  of  Lachmann,  with  such  modifications,  chiefly  from 
Tischcndorf,  as  would  probably  have  been  made  by  Lach- 
mann, if  he  had  had  access  to  those  manuscripts  that  have 
been  brought  to  light  by  the  industiy  and  skill  of  Tischen- 
dorf "  Reasons  for  adopting  this  or  that  reading  of  the  text 
are  carefully,  but  briefly,  given  in  the  notes ;  sometimes  ex- 
plaining a  retention  of  Lachmann's  reading,  as  that  of  εχομζν 
in  chap.  5:1.  This  reading  (preferred  also  by  the  American 
Committee  of  Revision  of  the  English  New  Testament)  is 
retained  chiefly  "  for  dogmatic  reasons,"  the  evidence  being 
otherwise  deemed  sufficient.  The  reading  of  Lachmann's  ear- 
lier edition  (183 1)  is  εχωμεν;  that  of  his  second  (larger  edi- 
tion, 2d  vol.  1850),  εχομερ} 

The  rest  of  the  list  seems  to  be  made  up  of  reprints  of 
European  editions,  or  of  editions  printed  in  Europe,  but  bear- 
ing the  name  and  place  of  an  American  publisher. 

The  8vo  edition  of  Cardinal  Angelo  Mai's  New  Testament 
after  the  Vatican  Manuscript  (the  Leipzig  reprint  for  London 
booksellers)  was  reissued  in  New  York  by  D.  Appleton  & 
Co.,  in  1859,  from  the  same  (German  or)  English  plates.  An 
edition  is  said  to  have  been  issued,  also,  with  the  imprint  of 
Warren  F.  Draper,  of  Andover;  but  Mr.  Draper  is  not  sure 
about  it  himself  He  intended  to  have  one,  and  took  some 
steps  to  obtain  it,  but  thinks  that  he  contented  himself  with 
those  which  bear  Appleton's  imprint.  The  foreign  issue  bears 
the  imprint  of  Williams  &  Norgate,  London  and  Edinburgh, 
and  D.  Nutt,  London. 

B.  H.  Cowper's  edition  of  the  Codex  Alexandrinus,  with 
the  defects  of  that  MS.  supplied  from  Kuster's  Mill,  published 
at  London,  but  actually  printed  by  B.  G.  Teubner  at  Leipzig, 
is  also  to  be  mentioned  here.     It  bears  the  imprint :  "  Londini 

1  Tischendorf  (Λ-^.  Τ.  Gr.,  ed.  viii.  cn'i.  maj.,  torn,  ii.,  p.  385,  note)  say?,  Lach- 
mann "  mutavit  autem  lectionem  quum  ignoraret  Β  eiusdem  \1χΐύμΐν^  testem 
esse."  Lachmann's  own  note  in  his  larger  ed.  (tom.  ii.,  p.  269)  is :  "  εχομεν 
BGi^,  εχωμεν  ACXfgv;^^  an  error  Λvhich  must,  at  that  date,  have  arisen  from 
ignorance  only,  and  not  from  lack  of  diligence. 


MISCELLA  NE  Ο  US.  5  3 

venumdant  Williams  &  Norgate,  et  D.  Nutt ;  Ediiiburgae, 
Williams  &  Norgate.  New  York,  B.  Westermann  &  Soc." 
It  is  dated  i860.     8vo,  pp.  xi.  503. 

The  Critical  Greek-English  New  Testament  of  Bagster 
(text  of  Scholz,  with  various  readings  from  Griesbach,  Ste- 
phens 1550,  Beza  1598,  Elzevir  1633),  i6mo,  pp.  [vi.]  624,  has 
appeared  with  the  imprint  of  Wiley,  New  York,  in  1859,  1868, 
1877,  1880,  1882,  1883,  and  perhaps  other  dates,  besides  many 
issues  without  date.^  Other  issues  bear  the  imprint  of  Lip- 
pincott,  Philadelphia ;  generally,  if  not  always,  undated.  Some 
copies  bear  the  imprints  of  both  Wiley  and  Lippincott ;  and 
of  late  years,  as  well  as  sometimes  earlier,  the  name  of  Bag- 
ster is  generally  omitted  from  the  titlepage  of  the  copies  sent 
to  America.  Many,  if  not  all,  of  these  impressions  without 
Bagster's  name,  were  actually  printed  abroad,  though  the 
paper  of  som.e  issues  looks  as  if  it  were  American.  They 
are  sometimes  bound  up  with  Bagster's  (reprint  of  E. 
Schmidt's)  Greek  Concordance,  but  generally  with  the  New 
Testament  Lexicon  of  William  Greenfield  as  revised  by  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Sheldon  Green,  M.  A. ;  and  not  infrequently 
with  both  these  additions. 

This  edition  has  the  merit  of  accurately  reproducing  the 
text  of  Scholz ;  a  quality  which  is  sometimes  wrongly  attrib- 
uted to  the  Bloomfield  editions.  A  greater  merit,  however, 
consists  in  its  various  readings ;  though  its  popularity  is  chiefly 
due  to  its  clear  print,  its  convenient  form,  and  its  bilingual 
character.  The  original  Scholz  was  published  at  Leipzig,  by 
Fleischer,  in  two  large  quarto  volumes,  dated  1830  and  1836, 
respectively.  The  editor.  Dr.  Johann  Martin  Augustin  Scholz, 
was  a  theological  professor  in  the  Catholic  university  at  Bonn, 
and  was  an  indefatigable  and  successful  collector  of  critical 

^  My  last  inquiry  of  the  New  York  publishers  about  recent  issues  of  this  book 
received  the  reply  that  their  "editions  of  the  Greek  Testaments  are  from  Bagster 
and  Sons'  stereo,  plates,  and  the  date  in  our  editions  (Gk.  &  Eng.)  refer  only  to 
the  time  of  a  new  printing."  I  have  generally  found  that,  kind  and  courteous  as 
publishers  have  been  to  communicate  information,  it  is  generally  impossible  for 
them  to  furnish  the  dates  of  all  their  issues,  except  at  an  expense  of  time  and 
trouble  which  it  would  be  unreasonable  to  ask. 


54  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

material.  But  his  text  has  httle  merit,  nor  has  it  ever  met 
with  favor  at  the  hands  of  critical  scholars,  except  in  Protest- 
ant England  during  a  period  of  great  critical  blindness  and 
pictistic  prejudice.  The  critical  notes  of  Scholz  generally 
appropriate  Griesbach  outright  when  there  is  opportunity; 
once  (see  note  on  i  Timothy  3  :  16)  in  such  a  manner  as  inad- 
vertently to  claim  the  authorship  of  Griesbach's  Symbolcz 
CriticcE.     And  he  is  notoriously  careless  and  inaccurate. 

A  very  great  number  of  editions  of  Bishop  C.  J.  Ellicott's 
text  and  commentary,  of  several  of  the  Epistles  of  Paul;  have 
been  issued,  both  separately  and  in  sets,  by  Warren  F.  Draper 
at  Andover,  at  various  times  from  i860  to  1882.  Galatians 
and  Ephesians  were  also  issued,  each  by  itself,  by  [Warren 
F.]  Draper  and  Halliday  at  Boston,  in  1866,  but  with  the 
date  1867.  The  separate  volumes  issued  by  Draper  were  the 
following:  Galatians,  i860,  1864,  1865,  1866,  1870,  1876,  1879; 
Ephesians,  1862,  1863,  1865,  1866,  1876,  1879;  Thessalonians, 
1864,  1865,  1876;  Philippians,  Colossians,  and  Philemon,  1865, 
1 87 1,  1876,  1882;  Pastoral  Epistles,  1865,  1876,  1881  ;  the 
whole  set,  1865,  1868,  1871,  1878,  1879,  1880.  The  success- 
ive editions  were  generally  revised  up  to  the  latest  available 
English  improvements. 

Of  the  original  Ellicott's  text  and  Commentary,  the  early 
editions  appeared  in  England  with  the  following  dates :  Gala- 
tians, 1854,  1859,  1863;  Ephesians,  1855,  1859,  1864;  Philip- 
pians, Colossians,  Philemon,  1857,  1861,  1865  ;  Thessalonians, 
1858,  1862;  Pastoral  Epistles,  1861,  1864.  These  have  been 
repeatedly  followed  by  revised  editions,  almost  down  to  the 
present  date. 

The  first  volume  (Gospels)  of  Alford's  Greek  Testament 
was  issued  by  the  Harpers,  New  York,  1859,  8vo ;  the  entire 
work  by  Lee  &  Shepard,  Boston,  1871,  and  repeatedly.  The 
first  Alford  appeared  in  London  in  successive  parts,  from  1849 
to  1859.^     The  original  of  the  first  edition  by  Lee  and  Shep- 

^  In  enumerating  the  editions  of  Alford's  Gr.  N.  T.,  the  most  accurate  method, 
if  not  the  only  proper  one,  is  to  consider  each  volume  as  a  work  by  itself.     As 


MISCELLANE  Ο  US.  55 

ard  (at  least,  of  its  first  volume)  was  the  "  fourth  edition,"  and 
likewise  appeared  at  London  in  parts,  dated  respectively  1859, 
i860,  1 86 1,  and  1862.  The  principal  part  of  the  work  has 
passed  through  six  different  editions,  each  with  its  revisions 
and  corrections,  and  some  of  it  through  a  seventh ;  the  last 
being  stopped  by  Dean  Alford's  death  (January  12,  1871).  It 
was  then  printed  as  a  "new  edition,"  and  probably  stereotyped, 
as  the  forms  of  movable  type  had  been  kept  standing  during 
the  author's  lifetime.  The  American  editions  of  Lee  and 
Shepard  have  been  only  the  English  sheets.  Their  issues  of 
1874,  1875,  1877  (except  vol.  iv.),  were  styled  "  seventh  edition," 
but  (vol,  iv.  of  1877,  with)  those  of  1878  and  later  were  called 
"  new  edition."  So  far  as  I  have  traced  these  editions,  they 
appeared  as  follows:  6th  edition,  1871,  1872,  1873;  7th  edi- 
tion, 1874,  1875,  1877;  "new  edition,"  1878,  1880,  1881,  1883. 

The  edition-numbers  of  any  given  date  are  not  always  the 
same  in  all  the  volumes  or  parts.  For  example,  of  Lee  and 
Shepard's  edition  of  1873,  volumes  i.  and  ii.  are  called  "sixth 
edition,"  and  have  Dean  Alford's  "Advertisement  to  the  Sixth 
Edition ;"  volume  iii.  is  called  "  fifth  edition,"  and  volume  iv. 
"  fourth  edition ;"  each  having  the  corresponding  author's 
"Advertisement."  Harper's  edition  of  1859,  above-men- 
tioned, has  Dean  Alford's  "Advertisement  to  the  Third 
Edition." 

This  Avork  has  been  much  esteemed  by  various  classes  of 
students ;  and  its  general  value,  its  critical  merit,  and  its  high 
scholarship,  are  beyond  question.  But  one  who  uses  it  with- 
out being  very  careful  to  verify  his  references  will  not  infre- 
quently be  misled,  and  sometimes  grossly. 

The  abridged  edition  of  Alford,  by  B.  H.  Alford,  was  issued 
in  1869  with  the  imprint  of  Lippincott,  Philadelphia.  Its 
titlepage  reads  as  follows  :  "  Dean  Alford's  Greek  Testament 
with  English  Notes  (Intended  for  the  upper  forms  of  schools 

far  as  I  have  ascertained,  the  following  are  the  dates  of  the  first  appearance  of 
the  successive  editions  of  each  volume :  vol.  i.,  1849,  1854,  1856,  1859,  1863, 
1868,  1874;  vol.  ii.,  1852,  1855,  1857,  i860,  1865,  1871,  1876;  vol.  iii.,  1856, 
1861,  1862,  1865,  1871;  vol.  iv.,  parts  I  and  2,  1859,  1862,  1S66,  1871.  I 
think  this  list  is  complete. 


56  AMERICAN  GREEK   TESTAMENTS. 

and  for  pass-men  at  the  Universities)  Abridged  by  Bradley 
H.  Alford,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Leavenheath,  Colchester;  Late 
Scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  J.  B.  Lippincott  & 
Co.,  Philadelphia;  Rivingtons,  London,  Oxford,  and  Cam- 
bridge; Deighton,  Bell,  &  Co.,  Cambridge,  1869."  i2mo,  pp. 
xxvii.  644,  and  2  pages  of  "  Corrigenda."  Other  copies,  ap- 
parently imported  in  sheets,  bear  Lippincott's  name  on  the 
back  of  the  binding,  but  lack  his  imprint. 

And  last,  Westcott  and  Hort's  Greek  New  Testament  has 
been  issued  by  the  Harpers,  at  New  York,  from  duplicate 
English  plates;  vol.  i.  in  1881,  and  vol.  ii.  in  1882.  The  work 
is  an  8vo  ;  vol.  i.,  pp.  xc.  580;  vol.  ii.,  pp.  xxxi.  324,  188.  The 
first  volume  has  a  valuable  "  Introduction  to  the  American 
Edition,"  by  Philip  Schaff,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  professor  in  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York,  and  president  of 
the  American  Bible  Revision  Committee.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  about  four  pages  which  deal  specially  with  the  pecu- 
liarities of  this  edition,  Dr.  Schaff's  Introduction  might  be 
read  and  studied  as  an  introduction  to  the  Greek  New  Testa- 
ment in  general.  It  contains  more  matter,  much  more  con- 
densed, and  much  more  readable,  than  most  treatises  which 
attempt  to  cover  similar  ground. 

As  to  the  character  of  the  Greek  text  itself,  it  represents 
the  most  thorough  application  of  advanced  science,  and,  as  a 
whole,  the  most  recent  attainments  in  textual  criticism.  If  it 
fails  anywhere,  it  is  in  too  rigid  adherence  to  certain  rules  of 
accepting  testimony ;  or,  perhaps  we  may  say,  in  carrying  the 
application  of  certain  chief  and  extremely  important  rules 
into  cases  where  other  rules  should  govern.  But  even  so, 
the  margin  and  appendix  lay  the  principal  alternatives 
before    the    reader. 

But  as  an  edition  of  the  New  Testament  to  read,  no 
edition  was  ever  printed  which  does  so  much  to  help  the 
reader's  understanding  through  the  eye.  The  means  by 
which  this  has  been  accomplished  are  too  numerous  and 
skillful  to  describe  at  length  here.  Of  published  texts, 
moreover   (except    perhaps    the    editions    of    Scrivener   and 


MISCELLANEOUS.  57 

Palmer  respectively,  which  are  designed  to  exhibit,  the  one 
the  Greek  text  of  the  Common  English  Version  with  the 
variations  of  the  Revised,  the  other  the  Greek  text  of  the 
Revised  Version  with  the  variations  of  the  Common  ;  together 
with  the  latest  American  Polymicrian),  no  edition  approaches 
so  nearly  the  readings  adopted  in  the  Revised  English  Version. 

The  second  volume  is  the  most  important  addition  of  recent 
times  to  the  mass  of  works  on  New  Testament  criticism.  It 
differs  from  its  predecessors  chiefly  in  the  systematizing  of 
critical  material  and  in  the  elaboration  and  application  of 
critical  principles.  The  whole  work  is  indispensable  to  schol- 
ars ;  though  it  does  not  supersede  the  larger  storehouses  of 
material,  whether  treatises,  or  editions  of  the  New  Testament. 
Yet  some  of  its  extended  discussions,  as,  for  example,  that 
on  the  twelve  verses  at  the  end  of  the  Gospel  of  Mark  (pp. 
28  ff  of  Notes  oil  Select  Readings),  efficiently  supplement,  and 
sometimes  supersede,  all  that  is  to  be  found  in  the  more 
copious  works. 

The  text  of  vol.  i.,  with  the  Introduction  of  Dr.  Schaff,  was 
also  issued  by  the  same  publishers,  interleaved  with  the  Re- 
vised English  Version,  in  1882.  It  contains,  among  other 
things,  a  list  of  the  Greek  readings  where  the  Revisers  of  the 
English  Version  differ  in  judgment  from  Westcott  and  Hort. 

Before  publishing,  Westcott  and  Hort  issued  successive 
"  confidential  "  instalments  of  the  Greek  text  to  the  members 
of  the  Company  of  Revisers  of  the  English  New  Testament, 
and  to  a  few  other  scholars.  The  Gospels,  with  a  temporary 
preface  of  28  pages,  were  thus  issued  in  July,  1871  ;  the  Acts 
in  February,  1873;  the  Catholic  Epistles  in  December,  1873; 
the  Pauline  Epistles  in  February,  1875;  and  the  Apocalypse 
in  December,  1876.  Thus  this  edition  had  almost  unexampled 
opportunities  for  attaining  correctness  in  detail;  and  its  typo- 
graphical accuracy  is  quite  exceptional.  A  few  misprints  in 
the  first  impressions,  e.g.,  ωμών  for  bjiCov,  Matthew  10:6,  have 
been  corrected.  Both  volumes  of  the  first  published  edition 
bear  date  1881.  They  were  printed  at  the  University  Press  at 
Cambridge,  and  bear  the  imprint  "  Cambridge  and  London 
I  Macmillan  and  Co.". 


$8  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTA aME NTS. 

The  University  Presses  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  have 
issued  many  a  work  of  which  the  Enghsh  nation  is  justly 
proud,  and  for  which  the  Christian  world  is  grateful ;  but 
since  the  noble  edition  of  Mill,  no  work  of  either  press  has 
done  more  to  bring  back  from  Germany  to  England  her  for- 
mer pre-eminence  in  New  Testament  critical  study.  In  the 
greatest  contribution  to  that  end  hitherto,  not  to  say  the 
greatest  work  of  this  nature  in  England  for  a  century  and  a 
half,  the  University  Presses  had  scarcely  any  share.  That  was 
the  work  of  Dr.  Samuel  Prideaux  Tregelles,  accomplished  in 
the  face  of  the  wealth  and  power  that  mostly  clung  to  blind 
tradition ;  in  toil  almost  single-handed,  in  privation,  and  later 
with  the  disadvantage  of  failing  eyes,  under  far  too  much 
misappreciation,  perverse  opposition,  and  even  obloquy — 
until  his  mustard  seed  had  grown  to  a  great  herb  in  which 
the  fowls  of  the  air  might  build  their  nests.^  But  had  Tre- 
gelles lived  to  see  the  present  day,  no  man  would  more 
heartily  have  rejoiced  than  he,  to  see  this  cap-stone  put  by 
Westcott  and  Hort  upon  his  building.  The  present  state  of 
things  in  England  bears  testimony,  indeed,  to  Tregelles's 
labors,  but  it  bears  equal  testimony  to  the  numbers  that,  con- 
spicuously or  humbly,  have  entered  into  those  labors.  It  be- 
longs to  all  human  progress  that  "  one  soweth  and  another 
reapeth ;"  and  in  this  instance,  surely,  there  is  abundant  cause 
that  "  he  that  soweth  and  he  that  reapeth  may  rejoice  to- 
gether." 

1  Certain  early  parts  of  Tregelles's  edition  of  the  New  Testament  are  reported 
by  credible  witnesses  as  bearing  the  imprint  of  Wiley,  New  York,  and  I  remem- 
ber to  have  seen,  a  number  of  years  ago,  something  of  the  sort  myself;  but  I 
have  not  been  able  lately  to  obtain  information  definite  enough  to  warrant  fur- 
ther detailed  mention. 


XI.  THE  FOREIGN  SUPPLY. 

Every  one  knows  that  the  American  editions  by  no  means 
comprise  the  entire  supply  of  Greek  Testaments  used  in  this 
land  during  the  present  century.  Yet  the  American  editions 
— especially  the  non-critical — have  had  an  immense  circula- 
tion amongst  three  classes:  (i.)  Those  who  have  revered  the 
textus  rcccptus  almost  as  a  matter  of  religious  faith,  and  have 
known  nothing  of  its  myriad  variations.  These  have  been 
the  easiest  prey  for  the  vendors  of  the  sham  editions.  A 
natural  result ;  but  what  a  commentary  upon  their  ignorant 
despising  of  the  labors  of  conscientious  critics !  (2.)  Those 
who  cared  little  for  a  critical  text,  and  wished  only  to  have  a 
taste  of  the  original  flavor  for  themselves.  (3.)  The  multitude 
of  students  who  used  the  New  Testament  as  one  of  their 
early  aids  in  acquiring  the  Greek  language.  To  these 

might  be  added  a  fourth  :  those  sermonizers  who,  not  very 
familiar  with  the  Greek  Testament,  used  the  cheapest  means 
for  "  examining  critically,"  as  their  phrase  is,  their  sermon 
text,  with  the  help  of  lexicon,  grammar,  and  our  Common 
English  Version.  These,  of  course,  were  the  least  excusable 
and  the  least  profited  of  all. 

But  of  the  foreign  editions  most  current  here  in  the  first 
half  of  this  century,  the  popular  ones  would  seem  to  be  the 
various  Scotch  and  English  editions  based  on  Mill,  the  Greek- 
Latin  reprints  of  Leusden  by  the  Wetsteins  and  by  Wingrave, 
etc.,  with  the  Knapp  and  Scholz  editions.  The  students  had 
their  Valpys,  and  a  few  others  of  note  as  specimens  of  vo- 
luminous book-making,  very  much  as  they  now  have  their 
Wordsworth.  Burton  was  used  a  little;  and  it  is  within  the 
course  of  the  present  generation  that  Webster  and  Wilkinson, 
used  a  little,  gave  way  to  Alford  for  those  who  could  afford 

59 


6ο  AMERICAN  GREEK   TESTAMENTS. 

it.  The  era  of  general  discrimination,  in  respect  to  either 
text  or  commentary,  did  not  arrive  much  before  the  present 
generation ;  and  those  who  could  and  did  discriminate,  were 
apt  to  love  the  masters  of  the  sixteenth  century  better  than 
their  pigmy  followers. 

Meanwhile,  for  popular  use,  Tischendorf  was  beginning  to 
eclipse  all  others,  with  the  rather  feeble  rivalry  of  Scrivener. 
The  larger  editions  of  Gricsbach,  Scholz,  Tischendorf,  and 
Tregelles,  like  their  predecessors.  Mill,  Bengel,  Wetstein,  have 
always  been  within  the  reach  of  the  better  scholars,  though 
their  popular  circulation  was  never  contemplated. 

At  present,  the  popular  preference  for  Scrivener's  conve- 
nient manual  seems  to  suffer  some  diminution,  owing  to  the 
Greek  New  Testaments  edited  by  Scrivener  and  Palmer,  re- 
spectively, exhibiting  the  readings  adopted  by  the  Revisers, 
and  to  the  "  Parallel  New  Testaments,"  by  the  same  editors, 
which  exhibit  the  same  Greek  text  and  margins,  together  with 
the  Common  and  the  Revised  English  Versions.  Popular 
use  seems  to  demand  some  edition  which  will  furnish  the 
Greek  readings  adopted  or  preferred  by  the  Revisers,  and  fa- 
cilitate a  comparison  between  the  Common  and  the  Revised 
Versions.  Of  the  four  editions  (or  rather,  five,  for  Palmer's 
with  the  Greek  only  appears  in  two  forms)  just  mentioned, 
Palmer's  seems  to  be  everywhere — and  naturally — preferred  ; 
for  its  Greek  text  is  that  of  the  Revised  Version,  with  the 
variants  in  the  margin,  while  Scriv^ener's  gives  generally  the 
Greek  text  of  the  Common  Version,  with  the  readings  of  the 
Revised  in  the  margin.^ 

^  The  scholars  have  the  same  preference,  on  additional  grounds.  Scrivener's 
presents  the  text  of  Beza's  folio  of  1598,  with  an  Appendix  of  variations  where 
the  Revisers  of  161 1  appear  to  have  adopted  a  different  text.  These  variations 
are  those  found  in  other  editions  of  Beza,  in  the  Complutensian,  the  Aldine, 
Erasmus,  Colineeus,  the  Latin  Vulgate,  Tyndale  of  1526,  and  the  English  of 
161 1.  But  he  ignores  the  7ninor,  8vo,  editions  of  Beza,  1565,  1567,  1580,  1590, 
1604,  which  are  much  nearer  the  Authorized  Version  than  the  folios.  If  Scriv- 
ener had  taken  these  minor  editions  into  consideration  (as  the  Revisers  of  1611 
must  have  done),  he  would  perhaps  have  selected  a  different  edition  as  the  text 
"  more  likely  than  any  other  to  be  in  the  hands  of  King  James's  revisers,  and  to 
be  accepted  by  them  as  the  best  standard  within  their  reach  "  [Parallel  N.  T.,  p. 
xxiv. ;  or  ed.  with  Greek  text  alone,  p.  vii.).     At  all  events,  his  Appendix  would 


THE  FOREIGN  SUPPLY.  6 1 

But  it  is  quite  plain  that  the  choice  of  the  bulk  of  students, 
in  the  matter  of  a  manual,  lies  between  Westcott  and   Hort, 

have  had  an  entirely  different  complexion,  and  have  shown  that  where  his  "  Β  " 
stands  for  "all  the  editions"  of  Beza,  it  is  oftener  in  eiTor  than  not.  As  it  is, 
his  Appendix  is  not  quite  free  from  error  on  its  own  basis.  (I  speak  on  these 
points  from  personal  examination,  having  also  in  my  own  library  all  of  the 
ten    editions  of   Beza   except   the   minor  ones   of    1565    and    1590.)  Fur- 

ther, he  adheres  to  his  former  error  of  considering  the  Greek-Latin  New  Tes- 
tament of  Barbirius  and  Courteau  (Basil.,  1559,  1560 ;  and  Tiguri,  without 
publisher's  name,  1559)  as  a  Beza  edition.  That  edition  indeed  contains  Beza's 
Latin  Version,  but  not  his  Greek  text.  The  error  had  been  committed  by  others 
before  Scrivener  {e.  g.  John  Leusden,  Philologies  Hebr.-GrcEc,  p.  62),  but  it  was 
exposed  more  than  a  century  ago  by  Masch  [Biblioth.  Sacr.,  Pars  I.  Cap.  II. 
Sect.  II.  \  XXXV.,  Editiones  Bezance  splines ;  compare  Pars  II.  Vol.  III.  Cap. 
III.  Sect.  II.  \  16),  more  recently  (1872)  by  Reuss,  and  again  repeatedly  by 
others  since  Scrivener  fell  into  it  in  1874  [Plain  Introd.,  2d  ed.,  p.  390). 

But  the  depths  of  Scrivener's  mystification  and  confusion  over  the  Beza  edi- 
tions are  not  reached  in  these  works  of  his  that  are  cited  above.  In  the  third 
edition  (1883)  of  his  Plain  Introduction  (p.  440,  notes  I  and  2)  sundry  positions 
are  taken  which  are  not  to  be  reconciled  either  with  his  former  positions  or  with 
the  facts.  He  tacitly  abandons  his  foimer  opinion  that  the  Pseudo-Beza  of  1559 
(also  1560)  was  Beza's  first  edition,  and  takes  the  edition  of  1556  as  Beza's  first, 
speaking  confidently  of  its  Gi-eek  text.  But  the  edition  of  1556,  as  already  re- 
marked, contained  no  Greek  text  at  all.  It  was  part  of  Robert  Stephens's  great 
folio  Latin  Bible  of  1556-57  (the  second  whole  Latin  Bible  of  his  divided  into 
the  modern  verses)  containing  the  Vulgate  and  the  version  of  Pagninus  in  the 
Old  Testament,  and  the  Vulgate  and  the  first  edition  of  Beza's  Latin  Version  and 
Annotations  in  the  New  Testament.  The  New  Testament  title  is  dated  1556,  its 
colophon  1557;  the  Old  Testament  title  is  dated  1557.  Beza's  Latin  was  not 
printed  with  any  Greek  text  till  1559  (in  the  book  above  referred  to);  and  that 
was  not  Beza's  work,  but  the  doing  of  the  enterprising  publishers  at  Basel.  Beza's 
first  Greek  text  was  published  in  1565. 

Stress  is  laid  by  Scrivener,  in  the  notes  above  cited,  upon  Beza's  own  repre- 
sentation of  his  editions.  But  a  comparison  of  Beza's  title-pages  with  his  dedi- 
cations to  Queen  Elisabeth,  in  the  several  folio  editions,  and  with  his  address  to 
the  kind  reader  in  the  edition  of  1598,  shows  plainly  that  Beza's  numbering  of 
his  editions  refers  only  to  his  Version  and  his  Annotations.  In  fact,  it  might  be 
urged  with  plausibility,  that  a  strict  grammatical  construction  of  the  title  of  the 
folio  editions  of  1565  and  1582,  if  tlie  punctuation  is  regarded,  confines  his  num- 
bering to  the  Annotations  alone ;  and  that  a  more  liberal  interpretation,  espe- 
cially, in  the  face  of  the  known  facts,  could  hardly  carry  it  beyond  the  preceding 
"  altera,  noua  [interpretatio],  Theodori  Bezse,  diligenter  ab  eo  recognita."  Lit-  ' 
eratim  et  punctatim,  the  title  to  the  1565  edition  (or  so  much  of  it  as  we  have 
here  to  deal  with)  runs  thus:  -'lESV  CHRISTl  D.  N.  |  Nouum  testamentum,  | 
sine  A'otiutn  fa:dus.  \  Cuius  Graeco  textui  respondent  interpretationes  dua;:  |  vna, 
vetus:  altera,  noua,  Theodori  BezK,  di-  |  ligenter  ab  eo  recognita.  |  EiysDUM  th. 


62  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

on  the  one  hand,  and  Von  Gebhardt's  Tischendorf,  on  the 
other.  The  fact  is  encouraging,  for  it  shows  decidedly  the 
advance  of  New  Testament  scholarship,  not  to  say  the  prog- 
ress of  correct  ideas.  Westcott  and  Hort's  edition  will  win 
and  hold  its  place  by  sheer  merit ;  but  the  additional  con- 
veniences found  in  Von  Gebhardt  (the  various  readings  of 
Tregelles  and  of  Westcott  and  Hort,  the  parallel  references, 

BEZAE  ANNOTA-  \  tiones,  quas  itidem  hac  secunda  editione  recognouit,  |  dr=  acces- 
stone  non  parua  locupleiauit."  Now,  cheerfully  granting  that  all  this  is  to  be 
construed  liberally,  as  applying  to  a  second  edition  of  Beza's  work,  it  is  perfectly 
consistent  with  the  fact  that  the  Greek  text  was  not  in  the  former  edition,  to  say 
the  least.  To  be  more  liberal,  and  insist  that  this  means  a  second  edition  of 
Beza's  Greek  text,  is  to  make  the  man  stultify  himself.  But  Beza  has  not  done 
so.  The  Dedications  to  Queen  Elisabeth,  in  the  several  editions,  refer  to  the 
earliest  edition  as  if  to  a  Latin  version  Λvith  annotations,  only.  Thus,  in  the 
Dedication  in  the  edition' of  1565,  Beza  says;  "Annus  iam  agitur  octauus  ex 
quo  nostram  hanc  noui  Testamenti  vel  potius  Foederis  versionem,  additis  annota- 
tionibus,  aggressus,"  and  he  follows  that  theme  as  his  main  one.  Of  course 
Beza's  notes  of  time  bring  us  back  to  1556  or  1557  as  the  date  of  that  first  edi- 
tion— of  Latin  text  and  Annotations,  which  is  all  there  was  of  it.  Nor  is  there 
anything  in  the  title  (or  elsewhere)  of  the  subsequent  editions  which,  read  with- 
out perversion,  is  inconsistent  Λvith  or  contradictory  to  the  facts.  To  lay  stress 
(which  I  cannot  think  Dr.  Scrivener  does)  on  the  phrase  ^^Grceco  contextui''  in 
his  quotation  [idem)  from  Beza's  edition  of  1598,  as  if  it  meant  a  Greek  text 
printed  with  tJie  Latin  one  of  1556,  would  be  to  claim  for  Beza  an  equally  early 
use  of  the  Syriac  version  (which  was  first  used  in  the  edition  of  1582),  and  to 
follow  a  wrong  track  altogether. 

I  have  looked  a  little  to  see  if  I  could  find  any  early  authority  for  this  error; 
but  among  the  older  writers  I  have  seen  only  the  following  in  the  second  edition 
(1723,  fol.)  of  Le  Long's  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  torn.  ii.  p.  638,  in  the  list  of  Biblical 
works  by  Beza:  "7.  Annotationes  majores  in  Novum  Testamentum  un^  cum 
textu  Grseco  &  versione  sua  Latina,  in  fol.  Geneves  1556.  1565.  1582.  1588. 
1598."  But  here  the  "  1556"  is  an  inadvertence  merely;  for  Le  Long  repeat- 
edly shows  that  he  knew  better.  He  notices  no  such  Greek-Latin  book  else- 
where, though  he  several  times,  in  difierent  connections,  states  that  Beza's  Latin 
Version  and  Annotations  were  first  printed  in  1556;  besides  correctly  describing, 
in  proper  place,  the  work  in  which  they  are  found.  Moreover,  in  describing 
Beza's  Greek- Latin  New  Testament  of  1565,  he  quotes  (verbatim,  but  not  quite 
literatim)  from  its  title  as  follows,  inserting  the  parenthesis  with  italicized  words : 
"  Ejusdem  Theod.  Bezse  annotationes,  quas  itidem  h^c  secunda,  editione  [prima 
enim  est  anni  i^^b,  absque  textu  GrcEco)  recognovit,  dr*  accessione  non  parv4 
locupletavit."  In  Le  Long's  first  edition  (Antwerp,  1709,  i6mo)  he  has  no  such 
error,  but  gives  the  descriptions  and  statements  just  referred  to  in  about  the  same 
words,  even  to  the  parenthesis  with  " pri/ita  enim  est  anni  ijj6,  absqtte  textu 
Grceco" 


THE  FOREIGN  SUPPLY.  63 

the  "Adnotatio  Critica,"  and  the  greater  ease  of  finding  a 
place — a  matter  in  which  German  books  surpass  so  com- 
pletely the  clumsy  English,  and  too  often  American,  con- 
trivances) will  make  it  the  favorite  of  many  for  habitual  use, 
though  they  might  prefer  Westcott  and  Hort  for  continuous 
reading,  and  for  the  matter  found  in  the  second  volume.  Ac- 
cording to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Carl  Bertheau  of  Hamburg,  who  is 
no  mean  authority  in  such  matters.  Von  Gebhardt's  edition  is 
quite  an  immaculate  book  in  respect  to  typography.  In  a 
communication  to  the  (Leipzig)  ThcologiscJie  Literaturzeitiing 
of  Harnack  and  Schurer,  2  December,  1882,  pp.  560,  561, 
after  mentioning  the  correction  of  an  iota  dropped  in  some 
impressions,  Bertheau  says :  "  Im  ubrigen  ist  uns  kein  Fehler 
im  Drucke  dieser  Ausgabe  vorgekommen  oder  sonst  bekannt 
geworden."  And  he  goes  on :  "  Sie  wird  jetzt  .  .  .  als  die 
empfehlenswertheste  Handausgabe  des  N.  T.  gr.  zu  gelten 
haben "  (he  is  speaking,  however,  of  editions  published  in 
Germany).  But  no  one  who  knows  both  Westcott  and  Hort 
and  Von  Gebhardt  will  be  willing  to  do  without  either. 

The  signs  of  the  times,  as  discerned  in  the  antiquarian 
bookstores  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  are  quite  suggest- 
ive in  one  respect  that  should  not  be  passed  over.  For  some 
months  those  stores  have  been  unusually  well  stocked  with 
new  copies  of  the  beautiful  Oxford  Greek  Testaments  of  the 
common  text,  for  sale  at  a  very  low  rate.  They  are  also  well 
supplied  with  the  common  Cambridge  editions  of  like  text ; 
and  also  with  certain  books  which  attempted  to  float  into  wide 
circulation  on  the  tidal-wave  of  the  Revised  English  Version, 
but  whose  lack  of  requisite  scholarship  took  away  their  buoy- 
ancy, and  left  them  stranded  at  the  price  oi  five  cents  a  copy. 

Since  the  Old  World  must  remain  the  depository  of  the  vast 
mass  of  material  for  restoring  the  true  text  of  the  Greek  New 
Testament,  it  is  hardly  to  be  supposed  that  America  alone,  at 
least  for  the  present,  can  either  do  the  critical  work  for  the 
world  or  supply  its  critical  text.  But  the  day  has  long  gone 
by  of  which  Dr.  Francis  Wayland  lamented  (Collegiate  System 
in  the  United  States,  p.  129) :  "  We  have  in  this  country  scarce- 
ly anything  that  can  be  called  a  library :  the  means  do  not 


64  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

exist  among  us  for  writing  a  book,  which  in  Europe  would 
be  called  learned."  On  the  whole,  the  general  foreign  supply 
of  Greek  New  Testaments  in  the  first  half  of  this  century,  and 
somewhat  later  (except  the  larger  critical  editions  and  some 
of  the  smaller  German  editions),  was  little,  if  at  all,  better  in 
quality  than  the  home  supply.  Numerically,  the  inferior  pub- 
lications prevailed  in  both  England  and  America ;  while  the 
representative — at  least  the  book- making — New  Testament 
scholars  here  were  as  high  in  grade  and  at  least  as  low  in 
prejudice  as  those  of  England.  American  scholars  of  this 
century  have  been  neither  idle  nor  unfruitful  in  their  contri- 
butions to  the  common  end  of  New  Testament  elucidation 
and  critical  completeness.  Most  interesting,  were  this  the 
appropriate  place,  would  be  a  sketch  in  outline  of  their  work 
of  the  sort ;  a  work  of  which  the  most  remarkable  item  and 
example  is  that,  now  in  progress,  of  two  American  scholars 
— Dr.  Caspar  Rene  Gregory,  in  Leipzig,  and  Dr.  Ezra  Abbot 
in  Cambridge,  Massachusetts — engaged  in  compiling  the  Pro- 
legomena which  Tischendorf 's  death  left  wanting  to  his  great 
critical  edition. 

But  from  like  or  kindred  efforts  the  American  scholars, 
though  often  working  in  obscurity,  have  never  improperly 
hung  back ;  nor  are  their  researches  or  their  results  to  be 
ignored  at  home,  any  more  than  in  other  quarters  of  the 
scholarly  world. 


XII.  CHRONOLOGICAL  LIST  OF  GREEK  NEW  TES- 
TAMENTS PUBLISHED  IN  AMERICA. 

This  account  would  be  incomplete  without  an  exhibition 
of  the  subject  matter  in  its  chronological  aspect  simply.  The 
following  list  is  intended  to  include  all  the  issues  of  the  Amer- 
ican Greek  New  Testament,  or  parts  thereof,  treated  of  in  the 
preceding  sections.  The  character  of  each  issue  will  appear 
as  follows :  A  *  designates  a  part  only  of  the  Greek  New  Tes- 
tament. Where  the  entire  item  is  in  brackets,  the  edition,  ex- 
cept sometimes  the  titlepage,  is  one  actually  printed  abroad. 
Where  an  earlier  text  or  edition  is  chiefly  followed,  the  earlier 
name  is  generally  given  in  parenthesis  at  the  first  occurrence 
of  each  example. 

1800.  (Mill.)     C.  Alexander.     Worcester,  Thomas,  12. 

1806.  Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Bradford,  12. 

1806.  Leusden.     Philadelphia,  Bradford,  12. 

1809.  Griesbach.     (3d  ed.)     [W.  Wells.]     Cambridge,  Wells  &  Hilliard,  8. 

*  1810.  (Elzevir.)     Macknight,  Apostolical  Epistles,  Gr.-Eng.    Boston,  Wells, 

Wait,  &  Co.,  8. 
1814.     (Mill.)     Boston,  Thomas,  12. 

*  1814.     (Griesbach,  3d  ed.)     Stuart,  Newcome's  Harmony.     Andover,  Flagg 

&  Gould,  8. 

*  1814.     The  same,  4. 

1821.  Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  George  Long,  12. 

1822.  (R.  Stephanus.)     Peter  Wilson.     Hartford,  Cooke,  12. 

1822-23.     (Griesbach,   3d    ed.)     Knecland,   Gr.-Eng.     Philadelphia,    Small, 
also  F17,   12. 

1822.  The  same,  Gr.  only,  12. 
1S23.     The  same,  Gr.-Eng.,  12. 

1823.  The  same,  Gr.  only,  12. 

1824.  (Wilson.)     Pseudo-Leusden,   Gr.-Lat.     New  York,   Collins   &    Han- 

nay,  12. 

1825.  Wilson.     Hartford,  Cooke,  12. 

*  1825.     (Griesbach,  3d  ed.)     [N.  L.  Frothingham,]  Gospels.     Boston,  Cum- 

mings  &  Hilliard,  8. 
5  65 


66  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

1827.      Wilson.     Hartford,  Cooke,  12. 

1829.     Wilson.     Hartford,  Cooke,  12. 

[829.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan,  12. 

[830.     E.  Friederici,  John,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  G.  F.  Bunce,  12. 

[831.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Towar  &  Hogan,  12. 

[831.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  Collins  &  Hannay,  12. 

1833.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Towar,  Hogan,  &  Thompson,  12. 
?34.     (Knapp,    4th    ed.)        Robinson,    Newcome's     Harmony.       Andover, 
Gould  &  Newman,  8. 

[835.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  B.  &  S.  Collins,  12. 

[835.     (Knapp,  4th  ed.)     Patton.     New  York,  Stair,  4. 

[835.     The  same  (text  printed  on  one  side  of  the  leaf  only),  4. 

1836.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,   Collins,  Keese,  &   Co.,  and 
Dean,   12. 

[837.     Bloomfield  (2d  Lond.  ed.),  Stuart.    Boston,  Perkins  &  Marvin;  Phila- 
delphia, H.  Perkins,  8. 
537.     The  same.     Boston,  Perkins  &   Marvin;  New  York,  Gould  &  New- 
man;  Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  8. 

1838.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Haswell,  Barrington,  &  Haswell,  12. 

3.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  Collins,  Keese,  &    Co.,  and 
Dean,  12. 

[838.     (Greenfield.)     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;   Bos- 
ton, Perkins  &  Marvin,  32. 

[839.     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,   H.   Perkins;   Boston,    Perkins  & 
Marvin,  32. 

1840.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  also  Collins,  12. 

[840.     Polymicrian,   Engles.     Philadelphia,   H.   Perkins;   Boston,   Perkins  & 
Marvin,  32. 

[841.     Polymicrian,    Engles.      Philadelphia,    H.    Perkins;    Boston,    Ives   & 
Dennet,  32. 

[842.]     n.  d.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  12. 
[.2.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow,  12. 
\2.     Robinson's  Hahn.     Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster,  12. 

[843.     Bloomfield,  5th  Amer.  ed.     Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves,  8. 

1844.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  12. 
[844.     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves,  32. 
[845.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow;  Boston,  Crocker  & 

Brewster,  12. 
[845.     The  same.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow;  Boston,  Crocker  &  Brews- 
ter, 8. 

1845.  Patton.     New  York,  J.  C.  Riker,  4. 

1845.  The  same,  printed  on  one  side  of  the  leaf  only,  4. 
[845.  (Hahn.)     Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster,  8. 

1846.  Bloomfield,  5th  Amer.  ed.      Philadelphia  and  Boston,  Perkins,  8. 
[846.  Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  32. 

6.     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  Perkins  &  Purves,  32. 

1847.  (Burton.)     Spencer,  Gospels  and  Acts.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 
[847.     (Burton.)     Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 


CHRONOLOGICAL   LIST.  6/ 

1847.     (Hahn.)     Collectanea  Evangelica,  N.  R.  Brooks.     Ballimoie,  Gush- 
ing,  16. 

1847.  The  same,  2d  ed.,  16. 

1848.  Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  32. 

1848.     Bloomfield,   5th  Amer.   ed.     Boston,  Perkins;   Philadelphia,  li.   Per- 
kins, 8. 
184S.     The  same.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Perkins  &  Marvin,  8. 

1848.  The  same.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins;  Boston,  Benjamin  Perkins,  8. 

1849.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  12. 

1849.  (Hahn.)      Collectanea    Evangelica,    Brooks,    3d    ed.      New    York, 

Barnes,   16. 

1850.  Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  Perkins,  32. 

1850.  (Hahn.)     Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Leavitt,  12. 

1851.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  12. 

185 1.  Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 

1852.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  12. 
1852.     Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

1852.     (Hahn.)      Turner's    Hebrews,    Gr.-Eng.      New    York,    Stanford    & 
Swords,  8. 

1852.  Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Leavitt,  12. 

1853.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.  New  York,  W.  E.  Dean,  12. 
1853.  Polymicrian,  Engles.  Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser,  32. 
1853.     Robinson's  Harmony,  rev.  ed.     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 

1853.  (Hahn.)      Turner's    Romans,    Gr.-Eng.      New    York,    Stanford    & 

Swords,  8. 

1854.]  «.  d.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Barrington  &  Haswell,  12. 

1854.  Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Grambo,  &  Co.,  12. 
1854.  Bloomfield,  5th  ed.     Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser,  8. 
1854.  The  same.     Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo.  Bliss,  8. 
1854.  Polymicrian,  Engles.      Philadelphia,  Clark  &  Hesser,  32. 
1854.  Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  12. 
1854.  (Elzevir.)     Strong's  Harmony.     New  York,  Riker,  12. 
1854.  The  same.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

1854.  (Mill.)     [John  Lillie,]  2  Peter,  i  and  2  John,  Judas,  and  Revelation, 

Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  American  Bible  Union,  4. 

1855.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.    Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  Gramlx),  &  Co.,  12. 
1855.     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo.  Bliss,  32. 
1855.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  12. 

1855.     (Hahn.)  Turner's  Romans,  Gr.-Eng.   New  York,  Stanford  &  Swords,  8. 
1855.     (Hahn.)      Turner's    Hebrews,    Gr.-Eng.      New    York,    Stanford    & 
Swords,  8. 

1855.  (Mill.)     [O.  B.  Judd,]   Matthew,  Chapters   I.,  Π.,  &  HL,  Gr.-Eng. 

New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

1856.  Bloomfield.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  8.     (Also  several  editions  from 

this  date  down  to  1868,  dates  and  edition-numbers  unknown.) 
1856.     Polymicrian,   Engles.     Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo.  Bliss,  32. 
(Also  several  editions  from  this  date  onward,  the  several  dates  un- 
known.) 


68 


AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 


[856.     Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Leavitt,  12. 

1856.      (Halm.)     Turnei-'s  Galatians,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Dana  &  Co.,  8. 
1856.     (Ilalin.)     Turner's  Ephesians,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Dana  &  Co.,  8. 
1856.     (Mill.)     [Morton,]  John,  Gr.-Eng.    New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 
[S56.     (Mill.)      [John  Lillie,]   I  and  2  Thessalonians,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York, 

Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 
[856-63.      (Griesbach,  3d   ed.)      B.   Wilson,    Emphatic    Diaglott,   Gr.-Eng. 

Geneva,  Illinois,  B.  Wilson,  12. 
[S57.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  12. 
[857.     Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 
[857.     (Mill.)      [N.  N.  Whiting,]   Ephesians,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer. 

Bible  Union,  4. 
[857.     (Mill.)     [N.  N.  ^\^^iting,]   Hebrews,  Gr.-Eng.      New  York,  Amer, 

Bible  Union,  4. 
[858.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 
[85S.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

S.     (Mill.)     [O.  B.  Judd,]  Matthew,  Chapters  I.,  Π.,  and  HI.,  Gr.-Eng. 

New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 
[858.     (Mill.)      [Alex.  Campbell,]   Acts,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.   Bible 

Union,  4. 
[858.     (Mill.)     [N.  N.  Whiting,]  Mark,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible 

Union,  4. 
[859.     W^ilson.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 
[859.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

9.     Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 
[S59.     Spencer,  Gospels  and  Acts.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 
[859.     Robinson's  HaiTnony.     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 

1859.  Turner's  Romans,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Randolph,  8. 
:859.     Strong's  Harmony.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

:859.     (Mill.)     [Morton,]  John,  Gr.-Eng.    New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

[859.     Alford,  Gospels.     New  York,  Harpers,  8. 

:859.     (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

[859.     Codex  Yaticanus,  Mai.     New  York,  Appleton,  8.] 

;86o.     Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

:86o.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

i860.     Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

:86o.     (Mill.)     [N.  N.  Wliiting,]   Luke,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible 

Union,  4. 
[860.     (Mill.)     T.  J.  Conant,  Matthew,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible 

Union,  4. 
[860.     (Mill.)     [N.   N.  AVhiting,]    i   and  2  Timothy,  and  Titus,  Gr.-Eng. 

New  York,  American  Bible  Union,  4. 
tS6o.     (Mill?)     [H.  B.  Hackett,]   Philemon,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer. 

Bible  Union,  4. 
[860.     [Hackett,]  Philemon,  Gr.-Eng.    New  York,  Amer.  Bib.  Union,  small  4. 

1860.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
t86o.     Cowper,  Codex  Alexandrinus.     London,  Norgate;  New  York,  West - 

ermann,  8.] 


CHRONOLOGICAL   LIST.  69 

*  1S61.     Gr.-Eng.     Various  pails  previously  published,  bound  up  with  general 

title,  etc.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

*  1S61.     (Theile.)   Geo.  Wm.  Heilig,  John,  Gr.-Eng.    Philadelphia,  Desilver,  12. 

*  1862.     Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 

*  1862.     EUicott,  Ephesians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

1863.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

*  1863.     Ellicott,  Ephesians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

1864.  (Griesbach,  3d  ed.)      B.  Wilson,  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.      Ge- 

neva, III.,  B.  Wilson,  12. 

*  1864.     (Mill.)     [Joh.  Lillie,]  Ephesians,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible 

Union,  4. 

*  1864.     (Mill.)     [Morton,]  John,  Gr.-Eng.    New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

*  1S64.     Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1864.     Ellicott,  Thessalonians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

1865.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 
1865.     Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

1865.  B.    Wilson,    Emphatic    Diaglott,    Gr.-Eng.      New    York,    Fowler   & 

Wells,  12. 

*  1865.  Robinson's  Harmony,     Boston,  Crocker,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Pauline  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Pastoral  Epistles.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Ephesians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Philippians,  Colossians,  and  Philemon.      Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1865.  Ellicott,  Thessalonians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

1866.  Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

1866.  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Fowler  &  Wells,  12. 

*  1866.  [N.  N.  Whiting,]  Mark,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

*  1866.  [N.  N.  Whiting,]  Luke,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

*  1866.  T.  J.  Conant,  Matthew,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Amer.  Bible  Union,  4. 

*  1866.  Ellicott,  Pastoral  Epistles.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1866.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1866.  Ellicott,  Ephesians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

1867.  Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

*  1867  (1866).     Ellicott,  Galatians.     Boston,  Draper  &  Halliday,  8. 

*  1867  (1866).     Ellicott,  Ephesians.     Boston,  Draper  &  Halliday,  8. 

1868.  Bloomfield,  14th  Amer.  ed.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  8. 
1868.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

1868.  Spencer.     New  York,  Plarpers,  12. 

*  1868.     Ellicott,  Pauline  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1868.     (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

1869.  Bloomfield,  14th  Amer.  ed.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  8. 

*  1869.     Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

[1869.     B.  H.  Alford  (Alford  abridged).     Philadelphia,  Lippincott;  London, 
Rivingtons;  Cambridge,  Bell,  &  Co.,  12.] 

1870.  Wilson,     Philadelphia,  Claxton,  Remsen,  &  HafFelfinger,  12. 
1870.     Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 
1870.     Bloomfield,  14th  Amer.  ed.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  8. 


70  AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

1870.     Robinson's  Hahn.     ΝεΛν  York,  Appleton,  12. 

1870.  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Samuel  R.  Wells,  12. 

*  1870.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

[1870,  etc.     Tregelles.     London,  Eagster;    New  York,  Wiley,  4.]     (Wiley's 
imprint  does  not  seem  to  be  found  on  all  the  parts.) 

1871.  B.  Wilson,  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     Geneva,  III.,  12. 

*  1 87 1.  Ellicott,  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1871.  Ellicott,  Philippians,  Colossians  and  Philemon.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  187 1.  (Tischendorf.)     Gardiner's  Harmony.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1S71.  (Hahn.)      Harmonia    Evangelica,    Brooks.      Philadelphia,    Claxton, 

Remsen,   &   Haffelfinger,    16. 

[1871.  Alford,  6lh  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

1872.  Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

1872.  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  S.  R.  Wells,  12. 

*  1872.  Robinson's  HaiTnony.     Boston,  Crocker  &  Brewster,  8. 

*  1872.  Gardiner's  Harmony.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1872.  Alford,  6th  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

*  1873.  Gardiner's  Harmony.  Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1873.  Alford,  6th  ed.  Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 
[1874.  Alford,  7th  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

1875.  Pseudo-Leiisden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

1875.  Robinson's  ILihn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12, 

1875.  Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

*  1875.  Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

*  1875.  Gardiner's  Harmony.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

[1875.  (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

[1875.  Alford,  7th  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

1876.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

1876.  B.  Wilson,  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wells,  12. 

*  1876.  Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

*  1S76.  Gardiner's  Harmony.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1876.  Ellicott,  Philippians,  Colossians,  and  Philemon.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1876.  Ellicott,  Thessalonians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1876.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1876.  (Scrivener's    R.    Stephanus    3d.)     Henry  A.    Buttz,    Romans.     New 

York,  Nelson  &  Phillips;  Cincinnati,  Hitchcock  &  Walden,  8. 

1877.  Spencer.     New  York,  Harpers,  12. 

*  1877.  Buttz,  Romans.     New  York,  Nelson  &  Phillips,  8. 
[1877.  (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 
[1877.  Alford,  7th  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

1878.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

*  1878.  Ellicott,  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1878.  B.  Wilson,  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Luke.     New  York,  Wells,  12. 
[1878.  Alford,  "  new  edition."     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

*  1879.  Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  8. 

*  1879.  The  same.     Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co.,  8. 

*  1879.  Ellicott,  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1879.  Ellicott,  Galatians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 


CHRONOLOGICAL   LIST.  7I 

*  1879.  Ellicott,  Ephesians.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1879.  Gardiner's  Harmony.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  1879.  Buttz,  Romans.     New  York,  Nelson  &  Phillips,  8. 

*  1879.  (Lachmann.)     Shedd,  Romans.     New  York,  C.  Scribner's  Sons,  12. 
[1879.  (R•  Stephanus,  3d  ed.)     Scrivener.     New  York,  Holt,  16.] 

1880.  Wilson.     Philadelphia,  Claxton,  Remsen,  and  Haffelfinger,  12. 

1880.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

1880.  Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

1880.  B.  Wilson,  Emphatic  Diaglott,  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wells,  12, 

*  1880.  Ellicott,  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 

*  18S0.  Gardiner's  Harmony,  rev.  ed.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1880.  (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 
[1880.  Alford,  "  new  ed."     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

*  1881.  Ellicott,  Pastoral  Epistles.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1881.  Alford,  "  new  ed."     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 

1881-82.     Westcott  &  Hort  (Schaff),     New  York,  Harpers,  crown  8. 

1882.  Pseudo-Leusden,  Gr.-Lat.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  12. 

1882.  Westcott  &  Hort  (Schaff),  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Harpers,  8. 

*  1882.  Robinson's  Harmony.     Boston,  Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co.,  8. 

*  1882.  Owen's  Acts.     New  York,  Appleton,  12. 

*  1882.  Ellicott,  Philippians,  Colossians,  and  Philemon.     Andover,  Draper,  8. 
[1882.  (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

1883.  Polymicrian,  Engles,  second  edition.  Hall.     Philadelphia,  Perkins,  32. 
[1883.  (Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

[1883.  Alford,  new  ed.     Boston,  Lee  &  Shepard,  8.] 


Without  date ;  and  not  enumerated  in  the  foregoing. 

Wilson.  Philadelphia,  Barrington  &  Haswell,  12.  (An  issue  with  a  printer's 
mistake  in  paging,  as  early  as  1851.) 

The  same,  corrected. 

(Greenfield.)     Polymicrian,  Engles.     Philadelphia,  Theo.  Bliss,  32. 

The  same.     Philadelphia,  H.  C.  Peck  &  Theo.  Bliss,  32, 

The  same.     Philadelphia,  Peck  &  Bliss,  32. 

The  same.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  32. 

Robinson's  Hahn.  New  York,  Leavitt  &  Allen,  12.  (With  a  different  street- 
number  of  the  publishers.) 

(Knapp,  4th  ed.)     Patton.     New  York,  Riker,  4. 

The  same,  printed  on  one  side  of  the  leaf  only,  4. 

Tafel,  Gospels,  Acts,  and  Revelation,  Gr.-Eng.  Philadelphia,  Tafel ;  Lon- 
don, Nutt,  8. 

The  same.     New  York,  E.  &  J.  B.  Young;  London,  James  Speiss,  8. 

[(Scholz.)     Critical  Gr.-Eng.     New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

[The  same.     Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  16.] 

[The  same.     London,  Bagster;  New  York,  Wiley,  16.] 

[The  same.     London,  Bagster;  Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  16.] 

[Greenfield,  Polymicrian.     London,  Bagster;  New  York,  Wiley,  32.] 

[The  same.     London,  Bagster;   Philadelphia,  Lippincott,  32.] 


72 


AMERICAN  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 


The  preceding  list  comprises  257  items,  of  which  150  are 
issues  of  the  entire  Greek  Testament,  and  107  are  issues  of  a 
part  only.  Of  issues  which  have  escaped  my  search,  whose 
(probable  or)  possible  existence  has  been  indicated  at  the  ap- 
propriate place  in  the  foregoing  pages,  the  number,  according 
to  the  most  reasonably  framed  conjecture,  should  be  not  far 
from  thirty.     Forty,  in  my  opinion,  would  be  too  many. 

As  it  may  be  interesting  to  know  how  the  rate  of  produc- 
tion has  varied,  I  subjoin  a  tabulated  statement  of  the  num- 
bers which  have  been  issued  in  each  decade.  The  year 
given  is  that  of  the  close  of  each  decade ;  and  the  count  for 
each  decade  is  made  to  the  end  of  that  year.  The  table  in- 
cludes all  the  editions  whose  time  of  issue  has  been  ascer- 
tained, whether  dated  or  undated : 


Decade  Ending  : 

f-ntire  i\ew 
Testaments. 

Partial  Editions 

1800. 

I. 

0. 

181O. 

3• 

I. 

1820, 

I. 

2. 

1830. 

II. 

2. 

1840. 

15• 

I, 

1850. 

21. 

6. 

i860. 

29. 

34. 

1870. 

20. 

27. 

1880. 

26. 

28. 

1883. 

8. 

4• 

Total. 
I 

4 

3 
13 

16 
27 
63 
47 
54 
12 


Total, 


135• 


105. 


240 


To  these  are  to  be  added  the  remainder,  of  undated  issues 
whose  actual  time  of  publication  has  not  been  ascertained. 
The  numbers  are  as  follows :  issues  of  the  entire  New  Testa- 
ment, 15;  of  partial  editions,  2;  total,  17.  Editions  without 
date  began  to  be  issued  in  1842,  at  the  latest,  and  have  been 
continued  nearly,  if  not  quite,  to  the  present  time ;  though 
their  number  has  been  diminishing  for  the  last  ten  years.  The 
repetitions  of  these  undated  issues  add,  of  course,  to  the  ab- 
solute number  of  copies  produced  in  the  countiy ;  but,  except 
in  case  they  should  be  found  to  bear  some  clear  distinguish- 
ing mark,  they  could  not  with  strict  propriety  be  enumerated 
as  distinct  issues,  even  if  their  number  were  ascertainable. 

A  glance  at  the  list  will  show,  better  than  any  summary  in 


CHROiVOLOGICAL    LIST.  73 

words  could  do,  how  the  supply  has  varied  from  year  to  year. 
The  years  which  are  not  represented  in  the  hst  are  1801,  1802, 
1803,  1804,  1805,  1807,  1808,  1811,  1812,  1813,  1815,  1816, 
1817,  1818,  1819,  1820,  1826,  1828,  1832;  or,  nineteen  years 
out  of  the  eighty-four.  The  traces  left  on  the  list  by  the  po- 
litical or  financial  condition  of  the  country  are  discoverable ; 
but  they  are  not  perfectly  intelligible  and  clear  without  more 
discussion  than  is  called  for  in  a  work  of  this  character ;  and 
if  not  so,  the  facts  might  be  interpreted  differently  by  differ- 
ent economists.  The  effect  of  the  war  of  18 12  is  evident 
at  first  glance ;  but  that  of  other  momentous  events  does 
not  generally  lie  on  the  surface.  An  important  factor  to  be 
considered,  also,  is  the  effect  of  the  appearance  of  an  epoch- 
making  edition  in  Europe ;  for  our  scholars  and  instructors 
have  always  kept  a  sharp  lookout  for  all  progress  there. 
Robinson's  Hahn,  for  example,  would  doubtless  have  had  a 
much  larger  and  more  continued  circulation,  had  it  not  been 
for  the  appearance  of  Tischendorf's  editions.  The  circula- 
tion of  the  latter  has  been  immense  in  this  country,  and 
that  without  a  single  reprint. 

The  question  how  far,  or  how  many  of,  the  editions  actually 
printed  abroad  should  find  a  place  in  this  list,  or  in  a  work  of 
this  kind,  I  shall  not  attempt  to  raise.  The  question  of  pro- 
duction for  the  market  (to  take  only  that  view  of  the  matter) 
is  settled  independently  of  the  sub-consideration  whether  it 
shall  be  done  by  importation  (of  sheets  or  plates),  or  by 
actual  manufacture.  It  is  not  easy  to  draw  the  line  between 
the  mere  ventures  of  the  foreign  publishers,  on  the  one  hand, 
and  the  enterprise  of  the  native  publisher  or  the  judgment 
of  the  native  scholar,  on  the  other.  An  attempt  to  draw  the 
line  would  often  be  as  unjust,  as  it  would  be,  in  the  matter  of 
unquestioned  native  manufacture,  to  inquire  whether  the  pub- 
lisher did  his  own  type-setting  or  printing,  or  had  it  done  by 
other  hands,  in  another  establishment,  or  in  another  town. 
The  real  question,  were  it  worth  the  raising,  and  were  it  to 
be  answered  if  raised,  is  really  one  of  principal  and  agent,  in 
a  sense  somewhat  broader  than  the  legal  one.  The  facts  are 
given,  as  well  as  they  could  be  searched  out;  and  their  inter- 


74  AMERICAN-  GREEK  TESTAMENTS. 

pretation  is  left  to  the  reader.  Whatever  that  interpretation 
may  be,  it  cannot  be  unfavorable  in  respect  of  American  fond- 
ness for  the  Greek  New  Testament.  The  American  con- 
sumption, to  speak  after  the  manner  of  the  economists,  of 
the  home  and  foreign  product,  can  scarcely  fall  short  of  half 
a  million  copies ;  and  even  that  number — enormous  as  it  is, 
all  things  considered,  in  its  ratio  to  the  supply  of  other  coun- 
tries— may  be  an  underestimate. 

To  attempt  particularly  and  precisely  to  account  for  this 
vast  number  of  Greek  New  Testaments  distributed  in  Amer- 
ica, would  be  to  deal  with  conjecture  only.  But  it  is  to  be 
remembered  that  in  the  early  days  of  American  colleges,  and 
down  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  present  century,  a  know- 
ledge of  the  Greek  Testament  was  conspicuous  among  the 
requirements  for  entrance ;  and  thus  the  men  of  collegiate 
training  became  pretty  well  acquainted  with  it  in  their  youth. 
Besides  that,  the  regular  Monday  morning  exercise,  for  a 
great  part  of  the  college  course,  was  a  reading  and  recitation 
in  the  same  book ;  a  practice  which  fell  into  partial  disuse, 
but  is  now  restored  in  many  institutions.  In  most  of  the 
larger  towns  in  New  England,  at  least,  there  were  a  few  pro- 
fessional men  who  kept  up  its  habitual  reading,  even  among 
the  non-church-going  inhabitants.  In  my  father's  own  con- 
gregation, as  I  well  remember  (his  pastorate  of  twenty-three 
years  ended  in  1855  ;  and  one  of  his  trials  in  his  subsequent 
theological  professorship  of  twenty-one  years  Avas  the  lack,  on 
the  part  of  the  theological  students,  of  early  acquaintance 
with  the  Greek  Testament,  not  to  mention  the  superiority 
which  divers  of  them,  like  the  head  of  the  University  of  Lou- 
vain  in  the  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  felt  to  the  whole  subject),  not 
only  were  there  several  men  of  the  learned  professions  who 
could  and  did  read  regularly  their  Greek  Testament,  and  Avho 
were  "  able  to  appreciate  the  broadside  force  of  an  argument " 
whose  essence  lay  in  the  Greek  text,  but  there  was  also  a 
small  knot  of  youth — and  some  of  them  of  the  gentler  sex — 
whose  knowledge  and  habits  of  study  put  them  in  a  corre- 
sponding intelligent  position.  I  think  I  am  not  mistaken  in 
believing  that  in  many  homes  besides  that  of  my  own  boy- 


CHRONOLOGICAL   LIST.  75 

hood,  the  children  were  taught,  not  only  by  precept,  but  by 
an  example  never  to  be  forgotten  or  to  fail  in  power,  that  "  it 
is  a  disgrace  to  an  educated  man  not  to  be  familiar  with  his 
Greek  Testament." 


INDEX. 


Note. — Tlie  Chronological  List  is  not  indexed  separately.— η .  signifies  note. 


Abbot,  E.,  4,  38,  64. 

Acts,  Owen's,  48. 

Adier,  23  n. 

Aitken,  31. 

Alexander,  C,  9,  10. 

Alexandrine  MS.,  45,  52. 

Alford,  B.  H.,  55,  56. 

Alford,  H.,  54  and  n.,  55,  59. 

Allen,  see  Leavitt. 

America,  early  edd.  of  Gr.  N.  T.  in,  6 
n. ;  first  Greek  book  in,  8,  31 ;  num- 
ber of  Gr.  N.  Tests,  in,  72. 

American  Bible  Soc,  50. 

American  Bible  Union,  19-21. 

American  Bibles,  see  O'Callaghan. 

American  Committee  of  Revision,  18, 
52,  56. 

American  editors,  earlier,  5. 

American  New  Testament  scholars,  64. 

American  Philological  Association,  3. 

American  Polymicrian  Gr.  N.  T.,  14- 
18,  57• 

American  revolution,  7. 

Amiatinus,  Codex,  13  n. 

Andover  Theol.  Sem.,  28,  29. 

Anthology,  M[onthly],  9  n. 

Anthon,  C,  37,  n. 

Antiquarian  book-stores,  3,  63. 

Antwerp,  Gr.  N.  Tests,  from,  7. 

Appleton,  D.,  47,  48,  52. 

Arias  Montanus,  22,  36. 

Bacon  Academy,  34  n. 


Bagster,  13,  15  n.  i,  19,  53. 

Ball,  47. 

Baltimore  Female  College,  47. 

Bangs,  see  Watson. 

Baptist  denomination,  21. 

Barbirius  &  Courteau,  61  n. 

Barnes,  A.  S.,  14  n.  i,  47. 

Barrington,  E.,  etc.,  36. 

Baumgarten,  23  n. 

Bengel,  42,  60. 

Benson,  41. 

Bernard,  Gov.,  8  n.  I. 

Bertheau,  C,  63. 

Beza,  Th.,  Gr.  N.  T.,  11,  15  and  n.  i, 
60-62  note,  and  passim ;  Latin  ver- 
sion, 6  n.  I,  61-62  note;  Pseudo-,  7 
n.,  38,  39.  61  n. 

Bible  Revision  Association,  20. 

Bishop  of  London,  44  n. 

Bliss,  Theo.,  17,  44. 

Bloomfield,  43-45.  53• 

Boom,  24. 

Bowyer,  W.,  9,  10  and  n.  i,  15  n.  I. 

Bradford,  S.  F.,  22,  23,  24,  25,  27. 

British  &  For.  Bib.  Soc,  28  n. 

Broadway  Journal,  47  n. 

Brooks,  N.  C,  47,  48. 

Brylinger,  13. 

Buckingham,  C.  J.,  34  n. 

Bunce,  G.  F.,  50. 

Burton,  19,  59. 

Buttmann,  39,  40. 

Buttz,  H.  Α.,  39,  40. 

77 


78 


INDEX. 


Cambridge  (Eng.)  edd.  of  the  Gr.  N. 

T.,  63. 
Cambridge  (Mass.)  University,  8  n.  I, 

28. 
Cambridge  (Eng.)  Univ.  Press,  38,  58. 
Cambridge  (Mass.)  Univ.  Press,  8  n.  i, 

27. 
Campbell,  Α.,  20. 
Carey,  M.,  8,  31. 
Chronological  List  of  Gr.  N.  Tests.,  65- 

75- 
Citations,  early  Scripture,  6. 
Clark,  T.,  50. 
Clark  &  Hesser,  17,  44. 
Claxton,  Remsen,  &    Haffelfinger,  36, 

48. 
Codex  Alexandrinus,  45,  52. 
Codex  Amiatinus,  13  n. 
Codex  Vaticanus,  31,  32,  44  and  n.,  45 

and  n.,  52. 
Coke,  6. 

Collectanea  Evangelica,  47. 
Collectanea  Groeca  Minora,  29. 
Colleges,  American,  74. 
Collins  &  Hannay,  37  and  n.,  38. 
Collins  &  Co.,  37  n. 
Collins,  B.  &  S.,  38. 
Collins,  Keese,  &  Co.,  38. 
Columbia  College,  34. 
Commandments,  Ten,  31. 
Common  English  Version,  6,  57,  60. 
Complutensian  Gr.  N.  T.,  35  and  n. 
Conant,  T.  J.,  20,  21. 
Concordance  to  Gr.  N.  T.,  13,  53. 
Condition  of  the  country,  effect  of,  73. 
Conner,  J.,  14  n.  I. 
Cooke,  O.  D.,  &  Sons,  34,  36. 
Cowper,  B.  IL,  52. 
Critical  Gr.-Eng.  N.  T.,  53,  54. 
Crocker  &  Brewster,  46,  47. 
Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.,  28. 
Cummiskey,  50. 

Dana  &  Co.,  49. 

Dean,  W.  E.,  37  n.,  38. 

Decade,    Gr.    N.    Tests,  published   in 

each,  72. 
Dennet,  see  Ives. 


Derby,  H.  W.,  &  Co.,  47. 
Diaglott,  Emphatic,  31,  32. 
Diatessaron,  White's,  29. 
Draper  &  Halliday,  54. 
Draper,  W.  F.,  14  n.  i,  52,  54. 
Drisler,  H.,  35. 
Drugulin,  33. 
Duyckinck,  E.,  37  n. 

Editors,  earlier  American,  5. 

Elisabeth,  Queen,  61  n.,  62  n. 

Ellicott,  C.  J.,  54. 

Ellsworth,  Gov.,  34  n. 

Elzevir  editions  (American),  22-26. 

Elzevir  editions  (original),  10  n.  2. 

Elzevir  Gr.  N.  Tests.,  and  text,  9  n., 

II,  14,  15,  n.  I.,  28  Τί.,ΆπΑ passim. 
Emphatic  Diaglott,  31,  32. 
Engles,  J.  P.,  14-18,  14  n.  2,  27. 
English,  Common  Version,  6,  57,  60. 
English  editions  of  the  Gr.  N.  T.,  7 

and  n.,  12. 
English  Polymicrian  N.  T.,  14  n.  I. 
English  Revised  Version,  18,  28  n.,  57, 

60,  63. 
Epictetus,  8,  31. 
Epistles,  Ellicott's,  54. 
Epistles,  Macknight's,  25,  26. 
Epistles,  Turner's,  48,  49. 
Epoch-making  European  editions,  73. 
European  editions,  epoch-making,  73. 
Erasmus,  13,  35  and  n.,  36  n.,  60  n. 

Fabricius,  J.  Α.,  ΙΟ. 

Father,  the  author's,  74. 

Fell,  24  n. 

Flagg  &  Gould,  29. 

Foreign  editions  current  in  America,  6, 

7,59- 
Foreign  editions  in  Chronol.  List,  73. 
Foreign  supply,  The,  59-64. 
Fowler  &  Wells,  31. 
Frothingham,  N.  L.,  29. 

Galatians,  Luther  on,  6. 
Gardiner's  Harmony,  51. 
Gebhardt,  see  Von  Gebhardt. 
Genevan  Bible,  6,  and  n.  I. 


INDEX. 


79 


George,  King,  8  n.  2. 

Germany,  Elzevir  text  in,  28,  and  n. 

Goeschen,  27. 

Goeze,  23  n. 

Goodrich,  C.  Α.,  34  η. 

Gospels,  Griesbach,  28;  Spencer's,  18, 
19;  Tafel's,  32,  33. 

Gould,  see  Flagg. 

Gould  &  Newman,  41,  43. 

Greek  book,  first  in  America,  8,  31. 

Greek  grammars,  30,  31,  34  n. 

Greek  N.  T.,  see  generally  under  the 
names  of  editors  and  publishers. 

Greek  N.  T.,  in  America,  5,  6;  Ameri- 
can fondness  for,  74 ;  consumption  of 
copies  in  America,  74 ;  early  quota- 
tions from,  6 ;  early  variety  of  edd.  in 
America,  6  and  n.  2 ;  first  printed  in 
America,  8  and  n.  2 ;  first  printed  in 
England,  7  and  n. ;  historical  and 
rare  editions,  6  and  n.  2;  number  in 
America,  72;  "  Origenistic,"  29;  Ox- 
ford reprints  of  Mill,  15  and  n.  I ; 
Parallel,  60  and  n. ;  rare  edd.  ex- 
ported to  Europe,  6 ;  read  in  Ameri- 
can colleges,  and  by  laymen,  29,  74 ; 
readers  of  non-critical  edd.,  59. 

Greek  numerals,  10  and  n.  i. 

Greek  text  of  Common  Eng.  Version, 
57,  60  and  n. 

Greek  text  of  Revised  Eng.  Version, 
18,  57,  60. 

Greek  type  at  Harvard  University,  8 
n.  I. 

Green,  J.,  8  n.  i. 

Green,  T.  S.,  38,  53. 

Greenfield,  Lexicon,  13,  17,  38,  53. 

Greenfield,  Polymicrian  Gr.  N.  T.,  13, 
14,  18, 

Gregory,  C.  R.,  64. 

Griesbach,  9  η.,  15  η.  r,  and  passim. 

Griesbach,  edd.  of  the  Gr.  N.  T.,  27-33. 

Griesbach,  Symbohe  Criticcc,  54. 

Hackett,  H.  B.,  20,  21. 
Haffelfinger,  see  Claxton. 
Hahn  editions  of  the  Gr.  N.  T.,  46- 
49.  SI• 


Hahn,  Robinson's,  46,  47,  73. 

Halen,  ab  (or  van),  Α.,  23  η. 

Hall,  I.  H.,  18. 

Halliday,  54. 

Hamilton,  J.,  50. 

Hannay,  see  Collins. 

Harklensian  Syriac,  29. 

Harmonia  Evangelica,  Brooks,  48. 

Harmony  of  the  Gospels,  Brooks,  48 
first  in  America,  29;  Gardiner,  51 
Le  Clerc,  29,  41 ;  Nevvcome,  28,  29 
Robinson's    Newcome,   41 ;    Robin- 
son, 47  ;   Strong,  26 ;   Stuart,  29. 

Harpers,  18,  26,  54,. 55,  56. 

Harnack  &  Schiirer,  63. 

Harvard  University,  8  n.  i,  27,  28. 

Haswell,  36. 

Hebrew  type,  8  n.  i,  10  n.  i. 

Heilig,  G.  W.,  50. 

Hesser,  see  Clark. 

Hilliard,  27,  28. 

History  of  Printing,  Thomas's,  8  n.  i, 

Hitchcock  &  Walden,  39. 

Hogan,  see  To  war. 

Hollis,  T.,  8  n.  i. 

Holt,  H.,  &  Co.,  38. 

Hort,  F.  J.  Α.,  13  η.    See  Westcott. 

Houghton,  Osgood,  &  Co.,  47. 

Houghton,  Mifilin,  &  Co.,  47. 

Huntington  &  Hopkins,  34  n. 

Interi,ine.\r  Translation,  Tafel,  32. 
Interlineary  Translation,  B.  Wilson,  31, 

32  and  n. 
International  S.  S.  Lessons,  32. 
Investigator,  The,  30  n. 
Isaiah  or  Esaias,  13  and  n. 
Ives  &  Dennet,  17. 

"J.  H.  W.,"48n.  I. 
Jacobs'  Gr.  Reader,  29. 
Jerome,  13  n. 
John,  Friederici's,  50. 
John,  Hamilton's,  50. 
John,  Ileilig's,  50,  51. 
Johnson,  L.,  14  n.  I. 
Judd,  O.  B.,  20. 


8ο 


INDEX. 


Kent.  Chancellor,  9  η. 

King  George,  8  n.  i. 

Knapp  editions,  Gr.  N.  T.,  41,  42;  51. 

Kneeland,  Α.,  8,  30  and  n. 

Krauth,  C.  P.,  37,  50. 

Kuster's  Mill,  10,  11,  15  n.  i,  52. 

Lachmann,  51,  52  and  n. 

Lardner,  N.,  9,  41. 

Lawyers,  Scripture  citations  by,  6. 

Le  Clerc,  29,  41. 

Le  Long,  62  n. 

Leavitt,  J.,  14  n.  i. 

Leavitt  &  Allen,  46. 

Leavitt  &  Trow,  46,  48. 

Lee  &  Shepard,  54,  55. 

Leusden  editions,  Gr.  N.  T.,  22-26,  37, 

59• 
Leusden,  J.,  22,  23  n.,  24,  61  n. 
Leusden,  Pseudo-European,  23  n.,  37; 

American,  36-38. 
Leusden,  R.,  24. 
Leyden,  Gr.  N.  Tests,  from,  7. 
Lillie,  J.,  20,  21. 
Lippincott,   14,   17,  36,  38,  44,  45,  53, 

55»  56. 
List,  Chronological,  65-75. 
Long,  G.,  25,  36,  37  and  n. 
Lord,  Leavitt,  &  Co.,  41. 
Lord's  Prayer,  31. 
Luke,  Emphat.  Diaglott,  32. 
Luchtmans,  24. 
Luther  on  Galatians,  6. 

Mace,  41. 

Macknight,  J.,  25,  26. 

Macmillan  &  Co.,  57. 

Mai,  Α.,  32,  45  η.,  52. 

Maps,  Wetsteins',  23. 

Marvin,  see  Perkins. 

Masch,  23  n.,  61  n. 

Massachusetts,  7. 

Mifflin,  see  Houghton. 

Mill,  edd.  of  the  Gr.  N.  T.,  8-21,  and 

passini. 
Miscellaneous  edd.  of  the  Gr.  N.  T., 

50-58. 
Monotessaron,  Brooks's,  48. 


M[onthly]  Anthology',  9  n. 
Morton,  20. 
Muhlenberg,  W.  Α.,  15  η. 

Nelson  &  Phillips,  39. 

Nevvcome,  29,  41. 

NeΛv  England,  6,  74. 

New  Testament,  Greek,  see  Greek  N. 

T. 
New  Testament  scholars,  American,  64. 
Non-critical  editions,  users  of,  59. 
Norgate,  see  Williams. 
Nourse,  J.,  23. 

Numerals,  Greek,  10,  and  n.  i. 
Number  of  Gr.  N.  Tests,  in  America, 

72,  74• 
Nutt,  D.,  11,  52. 

O'Callaghan,  E.  B.,  5  and  n.,  14  n. 

I.  35.  37• 
Olive  Branch,  The,  30  n. 
Origenistic  Gr.  N.  T.,  29. 
Osgood,  see  Houghton. 
Oxford  reprints  of  Mill,  15  and  n.  I, 

63• 
Owen,  J.  J.,  48,  and  n. 

Palmer,  18,  57,  60. 

Parallel  N.  Tests.,  60  and  n. 

Paris,  Gr.  N.  Tests,  from,  7. 

Parkhurst,  30. 

Partial  edd.,  number  of,  72. 

Patton,  R.  B.,  41,  42. 

Peck,  H.  C,  17,  44. 

Peck  &  Bliss,  17,  44. 

Perkins,  B.,  17,  43,  44. 

Perkins,  H.,  17,  18,  43,  44. 

Perkins  &  Marvin,  17,  43,  44. 

Perkins  &  Purves,  17,  44. 

Philological  Assoc,  American,  3. 

Philoxenian  Syriac,  29. 

Pickering,  Gr.  N.  T.,  15  n.  i. 

Pi  etas  et  Gratidatio,  8  n.  i. 

Poe,  E.  Α.,  47  η. 

Polymicrian  Gr.  N.  T.,  13,  14-18,  19, 

27,  57- 
Presbyterians,  6. 
Printing,  Thomas's  Hist,  of,  8  n.  i. 


INDEX. 


8i 


Pritius,  13. 
Pseudo-Beza,  61  n. 
Pseudo-Leusden,  23  n.,  36-38. 
Purves,  17,  44. 

Queen  Elisabeth,  61  n.,  62  n. 
Quotations  from  Gr.  N.  T.,  early,  6. 
Quotations  from  Versions,  6. 

Randolph,  49. 

Remsen,  see  Claxton. 

Reuss,  E.,  14  and  n.  I,  19,  23  n.,  28  n., 

34,  35  and  n.,  36,  37,  45,  61  n. 
Revised  Eng.  Version,  18,  28  n.,  57, 

60,63. 
Revolution,  American,  7. 
Rhine,  the,  7. 
Riker,  J.  C,  26,  42. 
Robinson,  E.,  35. 
Robinson's  Hahn,  46,  47,  73. 
Robinson's  Harmony,  47. 
Robinson's  Newcome's  Harmony,  41. 
Romans,  Buttz's,  39,  40. 
Romans,  Shedd's,  51,  52. 
Romans,  Turner's,  49. 
Russell,  J.,  8  n.  I. 

"  Sacred  Scriptures,"  The,  21. 

Schaff,  P.,  21,  56,  57. 

Schmidt,  E.,  13,  53. 

Scholz  editions,  Gr.  N.  T.,  53,  54. 

Scholz,  J.  A.  M.,  53,  54,  59,  60. 

Scribner's  Sons,  5 1 . 

Scripture  citations,  6. 

Scrivener,  F.   H.  Α.,  ^  η.,  l8,  38,  39, 

56,  60  and  n. 
Septuagint,  31. 
Sewall,  S.,  8  n.  i. 
Shedd,  W.  G.  T.,  51,  52. 
Sheldon  Theatre,  24  n. 
Small,  Α.,  30. 
Smith,  S.,  24. 
Smytegelt,  Α.,  23  η. 
Soemeren,  Van,  24. 
Sorin  &  Ball,  47. 
Speaker's  Commentary,  44  n. 
Speiss,  J.,  II. 
Spencer,  J.  Λ.,  18  and  n. 
6 


Stanford  &  Swords,  48,  49. 

Starr,  C,  41. 

Stephanie  edd.  Gr.  N.  T.,  34-40,  and 

passim. 
Stephens  (Stephanus,  or  Stephen),  H., 

7  n•,  15  n•  I• 
Stephens  (Stephanus,  or  Stephen),  R., 

10,  II  and  n.,  35  and  n.,  38,  61  n., 

and  passim. 
Stereotyping,  9,  24,  34. 
στίχοι,  ΙΟ. 
Strong,  J.,  26. 

Stuart,  M.,  29,  43.  » 

Student's  Bible,  42. 
Student's  N.  T.,  41,  42. 
Sunday-school    Lessons,  International, 

32• 

Swords,  48,  49. 
SytnbolcB  Criticce,  54. 

Tafel,  L.,  etc.,  32,  33. 

Tauchnitz,  51. 

Ten  Commandments,  31. 

Teubner,  B•  G.,  52. 

Textus  receptus,  5,  12,  26,  59. 

Thayer,  J.  H.,  40. 

Theile,  51. 

Theological  books,  6. 

Tholuck,  50. 

Thomas,  I.,  8-13,  15  n.  I. 

Thompson,  36. 

Tittmann,  J.  A.  H.,  46,  51. 

Tischendorf,  15  \\.  i,  51,  52  and  n.,  60, 

64.  73• 
Tomson,  L.,  6  n.  i. 
Towar,  etc.,  36. 
Townson,  29. 

Tregelles,  S.  P.,  39,  58  and  n.,  60,  62. 
Trow,  see  Leavitt. 
Triibner  &  Co.,  20. 
Turner,  S.  H.,  48  and  n.,  49. 
Typographia  Regia,  7  n. 

Undiscovered  edd.  of  Gr.  N.  T.,  72. 
University  Press,  Cambridge  (Eng.),  I'i, 

58• 
University  Press,  Cambridge  (Mass.),S 
n.  I,  27. 


S2 


INDEX. 


University  Press,  Oxford,  58. 
Upton,  J.,  8. 

Valvy,  37  n.,  41  n.,  59. 

Van  Halen,  Α.,  23  η. 

Van  Soemeren,  24. 

Varieties  in  textus  receptus,  5,  lo,  12, 

15  n.  I. 
Vatican  MS.,  31,  32,  44  and  n.,  45  and 

n.,  52. 
Vaughan,  C.  J.,  39. 
Vautroller,  7  n. 
Verses,  Leusden's  select,  22,  23  n.,  36, 

37• 
Vicar  of  Wakefield,  74. 
Von  Gebhardt,  15  n.  i,  28  n.  i,  62,  63. 
Vulgate,  6,  13  n.,  60  and  61  note. 

Wait,  T.  B.,  25. 
•Waite,  Chief  Justice,  34  n. 
Wallis,  Hammond,  34,  37. 
War  of  181 2,  73. 
War,  the  four  years  of,  5. 
Warfield,  B.  B.,  4. 
Watson  &  Bangs,  12. 
Watts,  J.,  22,  24. 


Wayland,  F.,  63. 
Webster  &  Wilkinson,  59. 
Webster,  N.,  34  n. 
Wells  &  Hilliard,  27. 
Wells,  S.  R.,  31. 
Wells,  W.,  25,  27. 
Westermann,  B.,  53. 
Westcott  &  Hort,  15  n.  1 

58,  62,  63. 
Wetstein  (J.  J.),  60. 
Wetsteins,  22,  23,  24,  59. 
Whitby,  26. 
White,  J.,  29. 
Whiting,  N.  N.,  20,  2i. 
Wiley,  J.,  14,  53,  58  n. 
Williams  &  Norgate,  52,  53. 
Wilson,  Α.,  35.    * 
Wilson,  B.,  31. 
Wilson,  P.,  34  and  n.,  35-38, 
Winer,  39,  40. 
Wingrave,  F.,  23,  59. 
Winsor,  J.,  8  n.  I. 
Wordsworth,  59. 


Years  not  in  Chronol.  List,  73. 
Young,  E.  &  J.  B..  33. 


39,  42,  56- 


ADDENDA. 

Since  the  precedmg  pages  were  stereotyped,  the  following  items  have  come  to 
light : 

1848.     Robinson's  Hahn.     New  York,  Leavitt  &  Trow;  Boston,  Crocker  & 
Brewster,  12. 
*  1872.     EUicott,  Epistles,  whole  set.     Andover,  Draper,  8.      (Each  part  has 
separate  title,  and  the  date  1872.) 


MONITUM. 

The  misprint   (Jude  25),  noted  in  the  facsimile  page  of  Thomas's  Greek 
Testament,  does  not  appear  in  all  the  copies. 

On  page  11,  line  3  from  bottom,  the  two  Greek  words  should  exchange  places. 


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